不同年龄、工龄护士职业紧张状况的流行病学调查研究  

Epidemiological study of occupational stress prevalence in nurses of different ages and length of service

作　　者：余结根[1,2] 李荣[3] 陆琳琳[4] 匡霞[5] 贺连平[1] 康耀文[1] 陈燕[1] 金岳龙[1] 姚应水[1] 

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院预防医学系,安徽芜湖241002 [2]皖南医学院人文与管理系,安徽芜湖241002 [3]皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院体检中心,安徽芜湖241001 [4]皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院儿科,安徽芜湖241001 [5]皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院心内科,安徽芜湖241001

出　　处：《皖南医学院学报》2012年第2期163-167,共5页Journal of Wannan Medical College

基　　金：安徽省高校省级人文社科研究项目(2010sk325)

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同年龄和工龄护士的职业紧张水平,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法:采用方便整群抽样方法对安徽省、江苏省和上海市7家医院1 144名护士进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学问卷和职业紧张问卷(OSI-R)。结果:在年龄方面,30～40岁年龄组护士,职业任务、任务过重、任务冲突得分均较高,个体紧张反应总均分及各子项(人际关系紧张反应除外)得分均较高,而个体应对资源总均分及娱乐休闲得分较低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在工龄方面,工作5～15年组护士,职业任务总均分及各子项(任务模糊和责任感除外)得分均较高,个体紧张反应总均分及业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应得分均较高,而个体应对资源总均分及娱乐休闲得分较低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:本调查结果显示,中青年护士职业紧张程度较高,应针对该群体护士采取有效的预防措施,减少由于职业紧张对她们的身心健康和工作产生的影响。Objective：To investigate the occupational stress prevalence in nurses of different ages and length of service for the evidence to provide effective countermeasures.Methods：By convenient cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey,including general demographic information and occupational stress intems,was conducted in 1 144 nurses from seven hospitals in Anhui and Jiangsu Province as well as Shanghai city.Results：Nurses aged between 30 and 40 years scored higher on the items of work responsibilities,heavy work load and assignment impact,the total means of the individual stress and the sub-items except for reaction to interpersonal tension as compared with other groups,whereas the scores were lower regarding the availability of personal coping resources and refreshment through recreation and leisure activities,which suggested significant statistical difference（P0.01）.As for length of service,those with 5 to 15 years of working experience scored higher on the items of work responsibilities and the sub-items as well as individual stress response,professional work stress response and psychological stress reaction except for the unclearly stated assignments and sense of responsibility compared with other groups,but scored lower on availability of personal coping resources,amusement or leisure activities.The difference was statistically significant（P0.01 or P0.05）.Conclusion：The results of the study suggest that young and middle-aged nurses are undergoing higher burden of occupational stress.Therefore,effective preventive measures should be taken to reduce the impact of occupational stress on the physical and mental health of those subjects to improve their quality of life.

关 键 词：年龄 工龄 职业紧张 护士 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]