叶绿体转化及其应用于作物改良研究的最新进展  

CHLOROPLAST GENETIC TRANSFORMATION AND THE LATEST PROGRESS OF ITS APPLICATION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT

作　　者：巩智刚[1] 周海鹏[1] 徐芳[1] 韩晓玲 王玉华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院/陕西省生物技术重点实验室/西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]西安力邦制药有限公司医药科学研究所,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《核农学报》2012年第2期288-294,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30900914);陕西省教育厅专项(09JK777);陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(11JS084);西北大学西部资源生物与现代生物技术重点实验室开放基金

摘　　要：农杆菌介导的核基因转化技术已普遍应用于作物改良和分子育种方面,而其不可避免的转基因沉默现象和生物安全问题是科研工作者和广大民众关注的焦点,进而成为基因工程技术广泛应用的主要限制因素。叶绿体遗传转化技术因具有核转化不可比拟的独特优势,成为植物基因工程发展的新方向和科研工作者研究的热点之一,通过该技术有望培育出真正生物安全的转基因作物新品种。本文围绕叶绿体转化的原理、方法、筛选标记及其应用等方面进行阐述,着重介绍其在作物改良方面研究的最新进展,并对存在问题及应用前景进行了展望。The nuclear transformation mediated by Agrobacterium was generally applied in the improvement of crops traits and molecule breeding. However, the application of genetic engineering has been seriously limited by both inevitable transgenic silencing and the transgenic bio-safety. Chloroplast transformation has become an attractive alternative to nuclear gene transformation due to its unique advantages. As a result, it is expeeted to cultivate real bio-safety genetically modified crops through chloroplast transformation technology. This paper focused on the principles, methods, selection marker genes of chloroplast transformation and the latest progress of its applications in crop improvement. Then the problems in chloroplast transformation and its prospects of application are also reviewed.

关 键 词：叶绿体转化 基因工程 作物改良 

分 类 号：S336[农业科学—作物遗传育种]