国家女子网球队运动员大力发球技术的运动学分析  

A Kinematics Analysis of the Female Chinese National Tennis Players' Power Serve Technique

作　　者：孙宇亮[1] 周兴龙[2] 朱文斐[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2012年第4期115-121,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：通过国家队网球运动员的大力发球的运动学指标分析,以期提高我国网球运动员发球水平,并为教练员教学、训练提供理论依据。利用两台200 Hz高速摄像机对8名国家网球队女队员发球进行三维拍摄,通过北京体育大学视迅解析系统对所拍摄影像进行三维重构及运动学解析。结果显示:运动员抛球离手时,抛球高度平均为3.67 m,最高点到击球点落差平均为1.10 m。球拍后引时,膝关节最小角度分别为持拍侧91.35°、非持拍侧104.64°。"搔背"动作完成时,拍头均低于重心,平均落差为0.21 m。击球后平均球速为42.64 m/s,击球点高度平均为2.57 m。由此可见,我国网球运动员发球时抛球较高,建议降低抛球高度;相对于FB技术,FU技术能使运动员获得更大幅度的躯干扭转角度;缓冲结束时刻,部分运动员过度顶髋的现象造成下肢发力不充分,最终导致球速下降。"搔背"动作是典型的超越器械动作,下肢的充分蹬伸是动作质量的保证。By analyzing the kinematics indicators of the power serve of the national tennis players, to improve the serve quality of China＇s tennis players, to provide both the player and coach with a better understanding of the mechanical basis of the serve, 8 Chinese national tennis team players have been taken as the subject in this research 8 players were filmed using two cameras, threc-dimensional direct linear transformation set-up. Two highspeed cameras were used to record the calibration frame, which was necessary for calculating three-dimensional coordinate data using the direct linear transformation （DLT） method. Data were processed by Shi Xun Analysis System of Beijing Sport University. The result shows that the ball was hit at a mean distance of 1.10m below a peak ball toss height of 3.67m. In backswing, the front knee flexion angle was 91.35°and the back one was 104.64° on the average. The lowest point of racket head was about 0.21m lower than the height of the body center of gravity when the player＇ s back scratch was over. The mean velocity of the ball was 42.64 m/s after impact and the average height of the impact point was 2.57m. In conclusion, the mean peak ball toss height of Chinese national tennis team players was a bit higher, which might affect the accuracy of the stroke; the FU technique leads a larger trunk rotation than the FB one; at the end of backswing, some players shifted to the po- sition which was unbalanced and went against pushing off the ground; ＂Back scratch＂ depends on a good thrust of the legs, so taking more exercises to develop the power of legs is necessary for tennis players.

关 键 词：国家女子网球运动员 大力发球 运动学分析 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]