城区308名中小学学生高度近视构成比观察  

The evolution trendency of high myopia in 308 school children of Xi-an city

作　　者：石一宁[1] 杜晓琨[1] 刘耀梅[1] 陈研明[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省人民医院眼科,西安710068

出　　处：《中国实用眼科杂志》2012年第5期620-624,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology

基　　金：陕西省科技厅科技研究发展项目（2009K17-02）,西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目（GG2006156）陕西省科技厅科技研究发展项目（2004K16-G11）,西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目（SF200319）

摘　　要：目的观察城区中小学生眼屈光状态中的高度近视在不同年龄构成比的变化。方法采用横断面调查设计，对城区中小学生308人615只眼动态眼屈光状态等指标进行采集，等效球镜〉-6D为高度近视人选标准，输入编辑的专项应用程序，用SPSS10．0软件行统计分析。结果（1）中小学生（年龄7～18岁）5757人11514只眼中，近视9376只眼，近视构成比为81．4％，其中高度近视615只眼（占总眼数的5．3％），右眼300只眼（2．6％），左眼315只眼（2．7％）；男生275只眼（2．4％），女生340只眼（3．0％）。高度近视构成比小学1年级为0．9％、6年级1．6％，初中3年级8．0％、高中3年级12．5％；6年分段，小学阶段6年平均为1．1％，中学阶段6年平均7．7％；3年分段，小学1-3年级为0．8％，小学4—6年级1．6％，初中1-3年级4．9％，高中1-3年级12．3％。（2）中小学高度近视平均屈光度（-7．43±1．29）D，95％可信区间（-7．54，-7．33）D；小学1年级（-7．26±0．62）D，小学6年级（-6．95±0．58）D，初中3年级（-7．41±1．37）D，高中3年级（-7．30±1．13）D。各年级间差异有统计学意义（P=0．009）。（3）以6年划分阶段，小学阶段总平均（-6．97±0．6）D，95％可信区间-7．16，-6．78D；中学阶段总平均（-7．474-1．33）D，95％可信区间（-7．58，-7．36）D；各阶段之间差异显著有统计学意义（P=0．011）。（4）以3年划分阶段，小学的l～3年级总平均（-6．88±0．60）D，95％可信区间-7．19，-6．57D，小学4～6年级总平均（-7．02＋0．68）D，95％可信区间-7．27，-6．77D，初中1-3年级总平均（-7．45±1．41）D，95％可信区间（-7．63，-7．26）D，高中1-3年级总平均（-7．494-1．28），95％可信区间-7．62，-7．35D；各阶段之间差异无统计学意义（P=O．080）。（5）高度近视各年级女生、男生以及右眼Objective To observe the eyes＇ refractive status, especially the evolution tendency of high myopia in Xi＇an city schoolchildren of China. Methods The cross-sectional study was con- ducted in the 308 schoolchildren of 615 eyes in Xi＇ an city schools. The inclusion criteria on was 〉-6D of the spherical equivalent refraction. The object ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, which included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fun- dus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input special computer program, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0. Results l.In the 5757 students of 11514 eyes, whose ages were between 7-18 years, the detective rate of myo- pia was 81.4% （9376 eyes） and the high myopia 5.3% （615 eyes）. Of high myopia, the right eye was 2.6% （300 eyes）, the left was 2.7% （315 eyes）, and the boys 2.4% （275 eyes）, the girls 3.0% （340 eyes）. Among 12 grades, the detective rate of high myopia groups were significantly increased with the age＇s growing, including 0.9% in 1st grade of primary school and 1.6% in 6th grade of primary school, 8.0% in 3rd year of junior middle school, and 12.5% in 3rd year of se- nior middle school. The average detective rates were 1.1% and 7.7% separately in 6-year＇ primary school and middle school. The average detective rates were 0.8%, 1.6%, 4.9%, 12.3% by sequence in 3-year＇ junior primary school, senior primary school, junior middle school and senior middle school. 2.The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refrac- tion was （-7.43±1.29）D with 95% contqdence interval （-7.54, -7.33）D. Among 12 grades, there were signilqcant differences （P =0.009）, the 1st grade of primary school was （-7.26±0.62）D, the 6th grade of primary school （-6.95±0.58）D, the 3rd year of junior middle school was （-7.41±1.37）D, the 3rd year of senior middle school was （7.30±1.13D. 3.The averag

关 键 词：中小学生 高度近视 近视眼 构成比 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]