评价性条件反射效应:无条件刺激的呈现时长、效价强度与关联意识的作用  

Evaluative Conditioning: the Role of Display Duration, Valence Intensity and Contingency Awareness

作　　者：赵显[1,2] 李晔[2] 刘力[1] 曾红玲[2] 郑健[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京市应用实验心理重点实验室,北京100875 [2]华中师范大学心理学院,湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理学报》2012年第5期614-624,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金(10YJAXLX011);国家自然科学基金项目(71071021);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：以真实商标图案为条件刺激,情绪图片为无条件刺激,探索无条件刺激呈现时长、效价强度与关联意识对评价性条件反射效应的影响。实验通过结合四图再认测验与基于项目分析,对关联意识的作用进行了详细探讨。结果表明,评价性条件反射效应只发生在无条件刺激长呈现水平与无条件刺激强效价水平;评价性条件反射效应的产生需要基于被试的关联意识。关联意识在呈现时长(效价强度)与评价性条件反射效应间的中介作用不显著。结果不支持评价性条件反射的内隐错误归因机制及联想-命题评价模型的相关论断,部分支持命题性解释模型。Evaluative conditioning （EC） refers to the change of an attitude toward an affectively neutral object （conditioned stimulus, or CS）, following that the object＇s pairing with another positively or negatively valenced stimulus （unconditioned stimulus, or US）. EC is theoretically regarded as an associative learning process in associative-propositional evaluation （APE） model, but many controversies have arisen in empirical studies of EC. Some researchers found EC could not occurred without awareness of CS-US contingencies （supports propositional account）, but others didn＇t. It is also still unclear whether EC relies on much attention or not. Based on propositional account, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of display duration of US, retest the effect of valence intensity, CS-US contingency awareness, and their integrated mechanism on EC, measured by explicit evaluative rating, combined With four-picture recognition test and item-based analyses. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of 122 college students （38 males）. In a 2（display duration） x 2 （valence intensity） x 2 （CS type） mixed design, with CS type as a within-group factor （CS＋ means that CS was paired with positive pictures and CS- means that CS was paired with negative pictures）, the participants were randomly assigned to four groups： US short display （120ms）-strong valence, US long display （1000ms）-strong valence, US short display-mild valence, and US long display-mild valence. The CSs were real pictorial trademarks but unfamiliar to the participants. USs were chosen partially from the International Affective Picture System and partially from the Internet. All pictures used in the experiment were selected based on pilot rating of valence. The experiment consisted of four sequential phases： the conditioning phase, evaluative rating phase, four-picture recognition phase and questionnaire phase. The results were analyzed by MANOVA on a global method of statistical analysis

关 键 词：态度形成 评价性条件反射 呈现时长 效价强度 关联意识 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]