2001—2010年哈尔滨市碘缺乏病调查  

Investigation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder in Harbin in 2001-2010

作　　者：曹建滨[1] 高晓丽[1] 门璐[1] 张文翠[1] 刘辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心地方病预防控制所,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2012年第5期443-445,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金项目

摘　　要：目的了解哈尔滨市2001—2010年居民碘缺乏病防治状况,为今后科学补碘提供依据。方法对2001—2010年哈尔滨市所辖18个区、县疾病预防控制中心69 944份碘盐监测结果、54 968人次碘缺乏病知识知晓率和46 583人次8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率监测结果进行统计分析。结果该市各年度盐碘中位数为30～40 mg/kg,各年度仍有非碘盐存在。城区和农村碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率、碘盐覆盖率10年间基本呈上升趋势,2010年分别达98.99%和99.22%,96.78%和99.15%,97.77%和99.93%;农村地区碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率、碘盐覆盖率分别是城区的1.869倍、4.126倍、27.389倍。2004年对学生首次开展碘缺乏病知识知晓率调查时知晓率低于90%,其他各年均维持在90%以上,学生知晓率基本呈逐年上升趋势;农村地区主妇对碘缺乏病知识的知晓率低于城区。城区和农村儿童的甲状腺肿大率基本呈逐年下降趋势,2010年分别为1.49%和1.87%,农村下降趋势明显;农村地区儿童发生甲状腺肿大的风险是城区儿童的1.710倍。结论哈尔滨市2010年已达到碘缺乏病消除标准,但仍需关注农村儿童甲状腺肿大的发生,并加强农村主妇碘缺乏病健康教育。Objective To know the prevention and control of residents iodine deficiency disorder （IDD） in Harbin from 2001 to 2010 and to provide the basis for scientific iodine supplementation. Methods The statistical analysis of the monitoring results of 69 944 iodized salt specimens, awareness rate of IDD health education in 54 968 people and swollen rate of 46 583 8-10 years old children were conducted. Results The annual median salt iodine was between 30 and 40 mg/kg, and median salt iodine in rural area had no significant difference compared with city（P〉0.05）. There still was non-iodized salt in every year; in urban and rural area, qualified rate of iodized salt, proportion of qualified iodized salt, coverage rate of iodized salt were 98.99%, 99.22%, 96.78%, 99.15%; 97.77% and 99.93% respectively in 2010, they were increasing year by year among 10 years. In addition to awareness rate of students lower than 90% in 2004 because of carrying out health education test for the first time, every other year maintained 90% above, and awareness rate of students showed ascendant trend year by year. The swollen rate gradually reduced to 1.49% and 1.87% in urban and in rural area respectively in 2010, the decline was obvious. By comparing each indicators of rural and urban, the odds ratio （OR） between different areas showed that qualified rate of iodized salt, proportion of qualified iodized salt, coverage rate of iodized salt, swollen rate in the rural area were better than the urban area; awareness rate of IDD knowledge of students in different areas had no significant difference; the awareness rate of household in rural areas was lower compared with city. Conclusion After years of IDD prevention and control in Harbin, the disease has been significant controlled, every monitoring indicator has reached the standard of eliminating IDD by 2010; and scientific iodine supplementation, supervision and health education are still to be strengthened.

关 键 词：碘 食用盐 碘缺乏病 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]