生物质炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料理化性质研究  

A study on physicochemical properties of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers

作　　者：高海英[1] 陈心想[1] 张雯[1] 何绪生[1] 耿增超[1] 佘雕[1] 郭永利[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安市长安区农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第2期14-20,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：林业局948项目(2009-4-64);农业部948项目(2010-Z19);陕西省攻关项目(2010K02-12-1)

摘　　要：通过元素分析、灰分测定、环境扫描电镜、红外光谱及土壤水分特征曲线测定,较系统分析和评价竹炭和木炭两种生物质炭及生物质炭基硝酸铵的部分理化性质、形貌结构及土壤水分吸持特征,以为生物质炭作肥料缓释载体应用提供参考。研究表明:实验所用生物质炭含碳量高达60%以上,并含有N、H、O等元素。竹炭比木炭富含灰分,而竹炭比木炭负载硝酸铵量低,其分别约为8%和18%。生物质炭基硝酸铵呈无定形、多孔状结构,基本保持生物质炭的微观形态。生物质炭与氮肥复合是靠物理吸附相结合的,复合中未发生化学变化。供试生物质炭呈碱性,吸附氮肥后pH值降低。两种生物质炭对土壤持水容量或能力有一定的改善作用,其改善程度与土壤质地有关。传统工艺竹炭、木炭也可作肥料养分的载体。The physicochemical properties,morphology and water-retaining characteristics of two biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers were investigated through ultimate and ash analysis,environmental scanning electronic microscope（ESEM）,infrared microscopy（IR） and water characteristic curve in order to promote application of biochar to fertilizer.The results indicate that the carbon content of the two biochars tested in this research is more than 60%,and the biochars have small amount of N,H,O.The bamboo charcoal has much more ash than that of wood charcoal,and the ammonium nitrate（AN）-loaded content of them are about 8% and 18% respectively.The micro-structure of biochar-based AN fertilizer exhibits amorphous and porous structure,and keeps morphology characteristics of original biochcar basically.Chemical reaction doesn＇t occur during the mixing of biochar with AN,and the AN-loaded to biochcar belongs to physical adsorption.The two biochars exhibit alkaline in pH,however,the pH of the AN-loaded biochar declines.The two biochars show some improvement for water-retaining capability of soils which depends on the application rate of biochar and soil texture.Bamboo charcoal and wood charcoal is also used as carrier for fertilizer nutrients.

关 键 词：生物质炭 硝酸铵 生物质炭基硝酸铵 理化性质 形貌结构 水分特征 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]