湿地营养物基准制定方法研究  

Study on Development Methods of Wetland Nutrient Criteria

作　　者：霍守亮[1] 席北斗[1] 陈奇[1] 昝逢宇[1,2] 苏婧[1] 何卓识[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2012年第3期179-183,共5页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项(2009ZX07106-001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2008CB418206)

摘　　要：湿地是自然界最具生物多样性和较高生产力的生态系统,对维持地球生态系统健康和调节气候、保持生物多样性等具有重要作用。然而由于受到不合理开发和人类活动的影响,湿地及其周边氮磷营养盐过量富集,导致湿地物种组成退化、生物多样性降低、湿地萎缩、湿地结构和功能受损等问题。目前,世界各国都高度重视湿地的生态保育和建设项目控制,由于我国在该领域起步相对较晚,生态保育和调控的理论及技术手段急需提升。湿地营养物基准是营养物在湿地中产生的生态效应不危及湿地水生态系统或下游水体功能和用途的最大可接受浓度或限值,基准指标包括原因变量(水体和沉积物中的氮磷浓度)、生物反应变量(生物量)和支持变量(水文、传导率和粒度等)。湿地营养物基准是湿地富营养化识别、评价、管理以及湿地生态系统恢复的重要依据,也是控制下游水体营养物负荷,保护下游水体的重要支撑。The wetland ecosystem is highly productive and biologically diverse in nature and plays important roles in maintaining ecological health, regulating climate and protecting biodiversity, etc. However, affected by irrational development and human activity, the nutrient nitrogen and excessively enriched, resulting in a series of problems phosphorus in the wetland and the surroundings have such as degenerate species composition, decreased biodiversity, shrinking area and functional degradation. At present, many countries have paid close attention to the ecological conservation and management of the wetlands. Since the work in this field started late in China, it is urgently needed to advance the theories and technologies in ecological conservation and regulation. The wetland nutrient criteria are the highest acceptable concentrations or values, ecological effect of which does not impact the wetland aquatic ecosystem or downstream water use. The candidate variables used to establish nutrient criteria for the wetland include causal variables （e. g. nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and water column）, biotic response variables （e. g. biomass ） and supporting variables （e. g. hydrologic condition, conductivity and soil bulk density）. Wetland nutrient criteria are the basis of eutrophication identification, assessment, management and ecosystem restoration for wetland, and they are thus significant for nutrient load control and water quality protection for the downstream water body.

关 键 词：湿地 营养物基准 营养物削减 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]