干旱区流域水文生态系统质量综合评价研究——以新疆自治区玛纳斯河流域为例  

Comprehensive Evaluation on Quality of Hydro-ecosystems in Arid River Basins——A Case Study of Manas River Basin in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

作　　者：乔长录[1,2] 刘昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学水与发展研究院,陕西西安710054 [2]华北水利水电学院水利学院,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2012年第2期215-221,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家外国专家局;教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划项目"干旱半干旱地区水文生态与水安全研究"(B08039);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目"关中地区水文干旱特征及其预警研究"(2010JM5013)

摘　　要：根据玛纳斯河流域水文生态现状和存在的主要问题,构建了由3层19项指标组成的综合评价指标体系;基于层次分析法进行了指标权重分配,确定了评价标准和两级模糊综合评判法,并以玛纳斯河流域为例进行了实例验证。结果表明,水文气象要素和生态环境要素对玛纳斯河流域水文生态系统质量影响较大,两者对很差级别的隶属度分别高达38.4%和47.0%,而社会经济要素相对较好,对良级别的隶属度高达59.2%,总体来说该流域水文生态系统质量较差。评价结果与实际情况基本相符,说明层次分析法和两级模糊综合评判法在干旱区流域水文生态系统质量综合评价中具有一定的应用价值。Considered the current hydro-ecological conditions on Manas River basin and relevant existing problems,an evaluation index system consisting of three hierarchies and 19 individual evaluation indexes was established.The weight for each evaluation index was allotted based on the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）,and then the evaluation criteria and two-level comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method were deve-loped.The quality of the hydro-ecosystem in Manas River basin was evaluated as an example.The evaluation results show that the factors of hydrologic meteorology and eco-environment dominated the hydro-ecosystem quality in the basin;the memberships of the two categories to the class of very poor were 38.4% and 47.0%,respectively.At the same time,social-economic factor was relatively better,as its membership to the class of good was as high as 59.2%.Overall,the hydro-ecosystems quality of Manas River basin was evaluated as low,which matched well with the fact.This suggests that the evaluation method developed in this study could have extensive application value in the similar areas.

关 键 词：水文生态系统 干旱区 玛纳斯河流域 综合评价 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]