FACE条件下大气O_3浓度增高对小麦花后剑叶显微结构的影响  

Impacts of elevated atmospheric ozone concentration on flag leaf microscopic structure of wheat:A field study with FACE system

作　　者：朱新开[1] 高春艳[1] 张如标[1] 李春燕[1] 郭文善[1] 朱建国[2] Kazuhiko KOBAYASHI 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210013 [3]东京大学农学院

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第6期1613-1619,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部国际科技合作计划项目(2009DFA31110);国家自然科学基金项目(30971729);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-EW-414);江苏高校优势学科建设工程;江苏省"青蓝工程"基金项目资助

摘　　要：2008—2009年,应用FACE研究平台,采用烟农19、扬麦16、嘉兴002和扬辐麦2号4个小麦品种,以O3自然浓度为对照,研究了大气O3浓度增高50%对不同基因型小麦剑叶显微结构、叶绿素含量和粒重的影响.结果表明:在开花期,大气O3浓度增高对小麦产生轻微伤害,剑叶的叶肉细胞和叶绿体结构开始遭到破坏,基粒片层断裂并且开始松散;花后21d,与对照的叶片微结构差异显著增大,剑叶内膜系统基本解体,叶绿体基本解散,基粒片层消失,加速了剑叶的衰老进程,剑叶的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和成熟期粒重均低于对照.小麦剑叶微结构和光合功能对大气O3浓度增高的响应存在明显的基因型差异,嘉兴002对O3胁迫的耐受性较好,而扬辐麦2号对O胁迫的反应较敏感.By using FACE （Free-Air Controlled Environment）-ozone system, a field plot experiment was conducted in 2008-2009 to study the effects of elevated ozone （ O3 ） concentration on the flag leaf microscopic structure, chlorophyll content, and grain weight of wheat. Two treatments were installed, i. e. , ambient 03 and 150% of ambient 03, and four winter varieties, i. e. , Yannong 19, Yangmai 16, Jiaxin 002, and Yangfumai 2, were taken as the test materials. At anthesis, elevated O3 concentration had a slight damage to the flag leaf microscopic structure. The mesophyll cell and chloroplast structure began destroying, and the grana lamellae started breaking and loosing. Twenty-one days after anthesis, the differences in the leaf microscopic structure between the two treatments became significant. Under elevated O3, the flag leaf senescence was accelerated, with the endomembrane system disintegrated, grana lamella disappeared, and corpus adiposum inside chloroplast broken down, resulting in a significant decrease of the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and grain weight at maturing stage. Significant difference was observed among the test varieties in their responses to elevated O3. Jiaxin 002 was tolerant, while Yangfumai 2 was sensitive to the ozone stress.

关 键 词：小麦 FACE 剑叶 显微结构 光合功能 粒重 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]