气体声弛豫过程中有效比热容与弛豫时间的分解对应关系  

The analytic model between effective heat capacity and relaxation time in gas acoustic relaxation process

作　　者：贾雅琼[1,2] 王殊[1] 朱明[1] 张克声[1] 袁飞阁[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学电子与信息工程系,武汉430074 [2]湖南工学院电气与信息工程系,衡阳421002

出　　处：《物理学报》2012年第9期339-346,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:60971009;61001011);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(批准号:20090142110019);湖北省自然科学基金(批准号:2010CDB02701)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：声在多原子分子气体中传播所引起的弛豫过程是探索气体特性的重要方面.本文通过研究气体声弛豫过程中振动自由度与平动自由度(V-T)以及振动自由度之间(V-V)的分子能量转移模型,给出了有效比热容与弛豫时间的分解对应关系及其通用获得方法.该分解模型与现有的声弛豫模型相比,反映了分解后的V-T和V-V弛豫过程中振动比热容与弛豫时间的对应关系,并发现了较高能级是引起对应声弛豫过程的决定因素.将基于该分解模型获得的气体声弛豫衰减谱经碰撞直径微调改进后,比现有理论更接近实验数据,其结果证明了该分解对应关系的正确性和合理性.The acoustic relaxation is one important nature of gas, which is caused by the sound propagation in the polyatomic molecule gas. It is the basic relaxation process, which arises from the translational-vibrational degree of freedom （V-T） and the molecular energy transfer between different vibrational degrees of freedom （V-V） separately. By studying the molecule energy transition model of the basic acoustic relaxation processes of gas, we propose an analytic model reflecting the correspondence between effective specific heat capacity and relaxation time in this paper. Compared with the existing relaxation model, the analytic model provides the corresponding relationship between the vibrational specific heat capacity and the relaxation time in V-T and V-V. The solution procedure of the analytic model illustrates that the higher vibrational energy level is the determinant of the basic relaxation process. The effective heat capacity is the foundation of acoustic relaxation attenuation spectrum of gas. The relaxation attenuation spectra result from the analytic model in this paper, which is modified by fine-tuning the collision diameter of the gas molecule, are more consistent with the experiment data than with the existing theoretical value. It proves the correctness and validity of the analytic model.

关 键 词：气体声弛豫过程 有效比热容 弛豫时间 

分 类 号：O552.3[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]