创业活动为何发生：创业倾向迁移的视角  

Why New Ventures Emerge: From the Angle of the Movement of Entrepreneurial Intention

作　　者：林嵩[1] 姜彦福[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学商学院,北京100081 [2]清华大学经济管理学院．北京100084

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2012年第6期94-106,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于中国创业实践的网络嵌入性和战略导向研究:理论发展与机制耦合”(批准号71072023);北京市自然科学基金项目“创业生态指数的构建和测评--基于北京市的研究”(批准号9113028)

摘　　要：本文拓展了经典的计划行为理论模型,用于解释创业活动的发生过程。文章将影响个体创业倾向的因素分为个体心理特征、创业项目特征、家庭和社会关系、区域制度环境四个方面。文章识别和开发了各个因素作用于创业倾向的机制,并且绘制出了个体的创业倾向二维平面,个体所处的不同象限对应着不同的外部情境,以及不同的个体创业倾向特征。在外力作用下,平面上的个体质点将会发生迁移。各个因素之间的合力满足一定要求时,个体质点将迁移至能够发生创业行为的高创业倾向区域。个体质点迁移和聚集的结果形成了区域创业活动的发展差异。基于上述研究,本文对于如何提升个体创业倾向、如何改进区域创业活动差异进行了讨论。This paper has developed the classical theory of planned behavior, and used it to explain the emergence of new ventures. It claimed that the factors which had influence on entrepreneurial intention included personal psychological characteristics, the feature of venturing projects, family and social ties, and regional institutional environment. It developed the influence mechanisms of each factor on entrepreneurial intention, and drew a two-dimension plane of personal entrepreneurial intention. On this pl~/ne, different quadrants meant the different contexts and entrepreneurial intention of people. Under the force of influence factors, the personal mass points would move in different directions. When the resultant force met some standards, the mass points could move to the area of high entrepreneurial intention. The movement and aggregation of mass points shaped the difference of regional entrepreneurship. Based on the analysis above, this paper discussed how to improve personal entrepreneurial intention and how to reduce the difference of cross-regional entrepreneurship.

关 键 词：创业活动 创业倾向 计划行为理论模型 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]