青岛市湿地生态网络评价与构建  

Evaluation and construction of wetland ecological network in Qingdao City

作　　者：傅强[1] 宋军[2,3] 毛锋[1] 吴永兴[1] 姚涵[1] 唐剑波[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266100 [3]青岛市城市规划设计研究院,青岛266071

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第12期3670-3680,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2010BAK67B08);国家自然科学基金项目(51178235)

摘　　要：在快速城市化背景下,城市社会经济发展与空间扩张不可避免,往往造成栖息地数量、面积、质量锐减、栖息地之间联系破碎等后果。此外,全球气候变化也加剧了栖息地恶化过程。生态网络通过保护恢复重点栖息地及构建栖息地之间物质、信息及能量传播的连接廊道,在整体上维持生态系统的动态平衡。青岛市位于东部沿海经济发达地区,地处海洋与陆地生态系统的交汇处,生态环境极为脆弱,易遭受外力破坏,且难以恢复。选取青岛地区湿地作为研究对象,在RS,GIS技术支持下,基于最小成本路径法构建青岛市湿地生态网络,并利用关联长度指数、介数指数对网络的整体结构及斑块重要程度进行评价。结果表明,不同路径成本阈值水平下,网络的连通性有很大差别;核心斑块中,胶州湾湿地、大沽河等具有较高重要程度;歇脚石斑块中,重要程度较高的斑块位于以胶州湾湿地为中心,以胶莱河、潍河河口,白马河、潮河河口及丁字湾为端点的连线上。在青岛市及周边地区划定"一心、二轴、一环"的湿地生态网络控制框架的策略,为青岛市湿地生态系统保护与城市发展空间选择提供科学方法与量化依据。Urban socio-economic development and spatial urban expansion has led to the loss and fragmentation of habitat.Global climate change adds to the gravity of these effects.An ecological network describes a network of habitats and connecting corridors that is mapped using habitat suitability and land use/land cover data.Connectivity within a habitat network ensures a flow of material,energy and information among the various patches,and allows species′ movement from inappropriate to appropriate areas.This ensures the abundance of species reaches a dynamic equilibrium at the network level and also means that the disappearance of species from any particular patch does not change the function of the regional ecosystem network.Thus,management of ecological network is an effective measure to counter the loss of biodiversity caused by reductions in habitat quality and area,as well as habitat fragmentation,in the context of rapid urbanization and climate change.The least cost path method is a way to construct and analyze ecological networks based on landscape spatial structure and dynamic biological processes.Based on the understanding that the characteristic of the matrix is one of the important factors determining the movement of species between patches,the least cost path method gives different cost values to different landscape types,and generates a cost surface to substitute the Euclidean space.Therefore,the dispersal paths generated by the least cost method are similar to those of actual species movement.Qingdao city is located in the eastern coastal region of China where the economy is relatively well-developed.The region is also where marine and terrestrial ecosystems meet.In this paper,we propose a wetland ecological network in the Qingdao district based on remote sensing and geographic information systems technology.We evaluate the overall structure of the network and the importance of individual patches using the correlation length index and betweenness centrality index,and use the findings to identify optimal s

关 键 词：生态网络 湿地系统 最小成本路径法 关联长度指数 介数指数 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]