苯丙胺类依赖的药物治疗现状和展望  

Current state and prospect of pharmacological approaches to amphetamine-type stimulants dependence

作　　者：崔巍[1] 沈雯雯[2,3] 周文华[2,3] 韩怡凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港理工大学应用生物与化学技术系 [2]宁波戒毒研究中心 [3]宁波大学行为神经科学研究中心,浙江宁波315010

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2012年第3期383-388,共6页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

基　　金：香港政府研究基金(5609/09M);香港政府研究基金(5610/11M);香港理工大学研究基金(GU952);深圳市双百计划;国家自然科学基金(30670675);国家自然科学基金(30870824);国家自然科学基金(U1132602);国家自然科学基金(81071077);十二五支撑项目(2012BA/01B07);浙江省重大项目(D2080515)~~

摘　　要：苯丙胺类药物是国内第二大成瘾性药物,苯丙胺类依赖是一个重要的公共健康问题,但至今尚未发现有效的治疗药物。本文首先介绍了苯丙胺类依赖形成的多巴胺和非多巴胺机制,并对多巴胺转运体抑制剂、多巴胺受体部分激动剂及拮抗剂、谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、γ-氨基丁酸受体激动剂、5-羟色胺转运体抑制剂以及阿片受体拮抗剂等已用于苯丙胺类依赖治疗实践的药物进行了系统综述,并展望了苯丙胺类依赖治疗药物的研究方向。Amphetamine-type stimulants （ATS） are the second most widely used addictive drugs in China. ATS dependence has become a serious public heath problem. Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment with established efficacy for inhibiting this addictive disorder. Changes of non-dopaminergic systems implicated in ATS dependence, such as GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, suggest that this addictive disorder be treated with drugs targeting either the dopaminergic system or non-dopaminergic system. This paper reviews phar- macological candidates, including the inhibitors of dopamine and serotonin transporters, the partial agonists of do- pamine receptors, the antagonists of glutamate receptor, and the inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, which might be useful in the treatment of ATS dependence based on preelinieal data. The prospect of novel anti-ATS dependence drugs being developed is also discussed.

关 键 词：苯丙胺 甲基苯丙胺 多巴胺 药物治疗 谷氨酸 胆碱能 

分 类 号：R749.6[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]