双季稻田CH_4和N_2O排放特征及品种筛选研究  

Characterization of CH_4,N_2O Emission and Selection of Rice Cultivars in Double Cropping Rice Fields

作　　者：傅志强[1,2] 朱华武[1] 陈灿[1] 黄璜[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]农业部多熟制作物栽培学与耕作学重点开放实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第7期2475-2481,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技攻关计划项目(2008BAD95B02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B01)

摘　　要：通过大田小区实验,采用静止箱-气相色谱法对早晚两季水稻品种CH4与N2O排放通量进行了观测.结果表明,早稻CH4排放季节变化呈单峰模式,N2O排放呈双峰模式;晚稻CH4与N2O排放季节变化均呈单峰模式.CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量品种间均存在显著差异(P<0.05).早稻品种CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量极差分别为0.58 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.89μg.(m2.h)-1,晚稻为4.06 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.70μg.(m2.h)-1;早稻品种温室气体排放的增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势极差分别为2.92 kg.hm-2、0.097 kg.kg-1,晚稻分别为2 256 kg.hm-2、0.28 kg.kg-1.增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势比较,常规稻>超级杂交稻>杂交稻.早稻无水稻种植区CH4、N2O季节排放通量分别是水稻种植区的27.1%～31.8%、33.6%～88.3%;晚稻分别是23.8%～28.8%、38.6%～45.3%.早稻适宜种植品种为陆两优819、金优402、湘早籼24号,晚稻品种为岳优9113、湘晚籼12号.Methane and nitrous oxide emission fluxes of rice cultivars in the double cropping rice fields were measured by static chamber-gas chromatography in field experiments. The results showed a single-peak pattern in seasonal variations of methane emission and a double-peak pattern in variations of nitrous oxide emission for the early season rice, and a single-peak pattern in variations of both methane and nitrous oxide emission for the late season rice. There was significant difference among the rice cuhivars in the average emission fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide during the whole growing season. The ranges for the methane and nitrous oxide average emission fluxes were 0.58 mg.（ m2.h） 1 and 5.89 μg.（ m2.h）-1 for the early-season rice cultivars, and 4.06 mg. （ m2.h） -1 and 5.70 μg. （m2.h） -1 for the late-season rice, respectively. The ranges of GWP （global warming potential） contributed by the amount of greenhouse gases emission and GWP per unit yield of rice cultivars were 2.92 kg.hm-2 and 0. 097 kg. kg -2 for the early-season rice cultivars, and 2 256 kg. hm-2 and 0.28 kg.kg-l for the late-season rice cuhivars, respectively. The GWP and GWP per unit yield of rice types were sorted in a descending order： traditional rice 〉 the super hybrid rice 〉 the hybrid rice. For the early season rice, the methane and nitrous oxide emission fluxes of the blank region without rice were 27.1% -31.8% and 33.6% -88.3% of those measured for the region with rice planted, respectively, whereas the corresponding percentages for the late season rice were 23.8% -28.8% and 38.6%-45.3% , respectively. Based on these results, Luliangyou No. 819, Jinyou No. 402 and Xiangzaoxian No. 24 were selected as suitable early-season rice cultivars, whereas Yueyou No. 9113 and Xiangwanxian No. 12 should be chosen for late-season rice planting.

关 键 词：水稻 CH4 N2O 排放特征 品种选择 增温潜势 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171.3