“Transzendental”概念的三重定义与超越论现象学的康德批判——兼谈“transzendental”的汉语译名之争  

Three Definitions of Kant's “Transzendental” and A Transcendental-Phenomenological Critique of Kant

作　　者：王庆节[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学哲学系

出　　处：《世界哲学》2012年第4期5-23,161,共19页World Philosophy

基　　金：中华人民共和国香港特别行政区研究基金委员会(GRF-C UHK455510)资助

摘　　要：本文试图从康德Transzendental概念的三处基本定义,即"导论定义"、"系统定义"与"界限定义"的分析和梳理出发,将之分别解释为对康德Transzendental philosophie的起点、进程与界限的表述,并将后康德哲学的三个主要发展和"传承",即德国观念论、新康德主义与超越论现象学对康德transzendental概念的解释,视为主要是在这三个方向上的创造性批判、发掘和拓展延伸。在这一新的解释框架下,作者强调,理解现象学哲学的康德批判的关键就不仅在于施行或者限制在某种经验认知客体和绝对主体之间的"返转"或超越,而是在更高层次上来说明这样的"返转"或"超越"活动本身是如何可能和发生的。借助这一澄清,论文最后对康德transzendental概念在汉语语境中历时已久的译名之争提出看法。The essay picks up three major definitions of Kant on his conception of 'transzendental',i.e,'introduction definition';'system definition' and 'limitation definition',and takes them respectively as descriptions of the starting point;the course and the limits of the Kantian Transzendentalphilosophie.I argue that the three major post-Kantian philosophical developments in modern history of German philosophy could be roughly seen as critical and creative developments.On the basis of this new framework of understanding Kantian transcendental philosophy and its historical developments,I emphasize that the key to understand a transcendental-phenomenological critique of Kant does not consist in a 'turn' or a 'transcendence' between an objective world and an 'absolute subjectivity/self',it is rather in a higher level,a level where such 'turn' or 'transcendence' itself could be possible and happen.In light of this understanding I also try to clarify some of the confusions in current Chinese interpretations and translations of the most important concept in Kant's philosophy.

关 键 词：transzendental 康德 现象学 德国近现代哲学史 哲学翻译 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]