秸秆还田方式和氮肥类型对黄淮海平原夏玉米土壤呼吸的影响  被引量:25

Effects of straw incorporation and N fertilization on soil respiration during maize(Zea mays L.) growth in Huanghuaihai Plain

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作  者:李玮[1,2] 张佳宝[1] 张丛志[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室封丘农田生态系统国家试验站,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出  处:《中国生态农业学报》2012年第7期842-849,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基  金:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100506);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX2-EW-N-08);国家自然科学基金项目(41001128)资助

摘  要:为了研究黄淮海平原不同秸秆还田方式和施氮类型对夏玉米农田生态系统土壤呼吸的影响,于2010年6—10月,采用LI-COR-6400-09土壤气室连接红外线气体分析仪(IRGA)对玉米农田行间掩埋秸秆区的土壤呼吸作用进行了连续测定。结果表明,常规施肥下,玉米生育期内秸秆行间掩埋处理(ISFR)的平均土壤呼吸速率显著高于秸秆移除(NSFR)和秸秆覆盖(SFR)处理(P<0.05)。秸秆行间掩埋配合施用化学氮肥处理中,配施50.4 kg(N).hm 2处理(ISF3)的平均土壤呼吸速率为(178.85±46.60)mg(C).m 2.h 1,显著高于配施33.6 kg(N).hm 2处理(ISF2)的(124.11±23.18)mg(C).m 2.h 1(P<0.05)。秸秆行间掩埋配合施用鸡粪处理中,鸡粪施用量为33.6kg(N).hm 2(ISOM2)处理的平均土壤呼吸速率为(208.08±31.54)mg(C).m 2.h 1,施用16.8 kg(N).hm 2(ISOM1)和50.4 kg(N).hm 2(ISOM3)处理的为(135.07±21.97)mg(C).m 2.h 1、(171.43±43.31)mg(C).m 2.h 1,相比ISOM2处理,ISOM1和ISOM3处理的平均土壤呼吸速率降低了35.09%和17.61%。ISOM2处理玉米季CO2排放累积量为499.39 g(C).m 2,显著高于ISF2处理的297.86 g(C).m 2。秸秆行间掩埋配合施用化学氮肥对土壤呼吸速率的影响小于配合施用鸡粪的影响,配合施用16%总氮的鸡粪,即33.6 kg(N).hm 2时C/N比最适宜土壤微生物的代谢活动。A field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-ecological Experimental Station in China’s Henan Province to measure soil respiration in maize farmland ecosystems from June to October,2010.Soil respiration was measured in the nine-treatment experiment using LI-COR-6400-09 Soil Respiration Chamber completed with Infrared Gas Analyzer(IRGA).The results indicated that soil respiration rates at 20 cm depth under treatments of burying straws in-between maize lines(ISFR) was significantly higher(P 〈 0.05) than those under the treatments of removing(NSFR) and mulching(SFR) straw with conventional fertilization.Average soil respiration rates of ISFR,NSFR and SFR were(209.22±75.63) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,(169.51±45.50) mg(C)?m?2?h?1 and(161.14±26.32) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,respectively.Average soil respiration rate under buried straw plus chemical N fertilizations of 16.8 kg(N)?hm?2(ISF1),33.6 kg(N)?hm?2(ISF2) and 50.4 kg(N)?hm?2(ISF3) were(148.67±35.07) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,(124.11±23.18) mg(C)?m?2?h?1 and(178.85±46.60) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,respectively.The difference between ISF3 and ISF2 treatments was significant at P 〈 0.05.Under treatments of buried straw with chicken manure applications of 16.8 kg(N)?hm?2(ISOM1),33.6 kg(N)?hm?2(ISOM2) and 50.4 kg(N)?hm?2(ISOM3),average soil respiration rates were(135.07±21.97) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,(208.08±31.54) mg(C)?m?2?h?1 and(171.43±43.31) mg(C)?m?2?h?1,respectively.Compared with ISOM2,ISOM1 and ISOM3 significantly decreased soil respiration rates by 35.09% and 17.61%.The cumulative CO2 emissions under ISOM1,ISOM2 and ISOM3 during maize growth were 324.16 g(C)?m?2,499.39 g(C)?m?2 and 411.43 g(C)?m?2,with significant differences in both cumulative CO2 emissions and average soil respiration rates among the treatments at P 〈 0.05.Cu

关 键 词:黄淮海平原 玉米田 秸秆还田方式 氮肥类型 土壤呼吸速率 玉米农田生态系统 

分 类 号:S131[农业科学—农业基础科学]

 

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