注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的空间注意非对称性/偏侧化异常  

Atypical brain laterality for spatial attention in children with attontion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：刘璐[1] 钱秋谨[1] 李海梅[1] 李泽华[1] 黄芳[1] 杨莉[1] 王玉凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学精神卫生研究所,卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2012年第6期406-409,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81071109);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助(2007BAI17B03)

摘　　要：目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的空间注意力的表现。方法:选取49名符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)中ADHD诊断标准的门诊患者,和49名性别与之匹配的正常对照,进行Landmark测验,比较两组人群的空间偏移指数。指数范围从-1(左侧偏移/右侧注意忽视)至+1(右侧偏移/左侧注意忽视)。结果:Landmark测验结果显示,ADHD组平均空间偏移指数为(0.249±0.073),正常对照组平均空间偏移指数为(-0.006±0.073),在控制了年龄因素的影响后,两组平均空间偏移指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常对照组表现出左侧注意偏移,而病例组则表现出左侧注意的忽视。进一步控制智商因素后,ADHD组有左侧注意忽视的趋势(P<0.05)。结论:ADHD儿童可能存在空间注意的非对称性/偏侧化异常,提示ADHD可能存在右侧大脑半球的功能缺陷。Objective： To explore the potential hemispheric asymmetry of spatial attention in children with at- tention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, 49 child outpatients were se- lected as the case group who were diagnosed as ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV）, and 49 normal children were selected as the control group~ Both groups matched by sex were all right-handedness. The Landmark Task was used to assess the spatial attention in both groups. The spatial asymmetry index was calculated, with the value ranging from - 1 （leftward spatial bias/right spatial inattention） to ＋ 1 （ rightward spatial bias/left spatial inattention）. Results： In the Landmark Task, the mean spatial asymmetry index were （0. 249 ~ 0. 073 ） and （ -0. 006 ~ 0. 073 ） in the ADHD group and normal group. There was significant difference in the mean spatial asymmetry index after controlling for the age （P 〈0. 05） ~ The normal controls displayed a leftward attentional bias. The phenomenon of left spatial inattention, or a rightward bias, was seen in ADHD children. After controlling the effect of intelligence, there was a trend that ADHD children exibited the left spatial inattention （P = 0. 069）. Conclusion： It suggests that the spatial attention of ADHD children probably display abnormal hemispheric asymmetry. The atypical brain laterality may be a risk factor for ADHD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 空间注意 非对称性 偏侧化 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]