“语言奥秘”与“生活形式”——维特根斯坦与乔姆斯基语言哲学思想比较研究之二  

“Language Mystery” and “Forms of Life”: A Comparative Study Between Wittgenstein and Chomsky

作　　者：范连义[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计学院,上海201620

出　　处：《当代外语研究》2012年第6期10-13,76,共4页Contemporary Foreign Language Studies

基　　金：教育部2010年度人文社会科学规划项目"维特根斯坦的哲学语言学习观"(编号:10YJA740021)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：乔姆斯基把语言研究问题划分为两类:可以解决的语言难题和无法解决的语言奥秘。前者是有关语言知识的组成,后者则是语言知识的创造性使用。通过努力人类可以发现其内在的语言知识,但语言知识创造性的使用永远是一个谜。而维特根斯坦认为,人类有如此的语言能力,是因为人类有如此的生活形式,并不存在什么神秘的东西。内在语言知识即便有,我们也不能明确地表达它,而它只能是一种默会知识。正是基于这种默会的语言知识之上,人类才进行诸多的语言活动。Chomsky divides language research into two different categories: solvable language problems and unsolvable mysteries. The former is made up of inner language and the latter about the creative use of it. Linguists can make an effort to find the inner language, but they can never know how it can be creatively used. But according to Wittgenstein, human’slinguistic capacity, whether it is inner or outer, is based on its forms of life. There is no mystery in it. Chomsky’sconcept of inner language cannot be explicitly defined, even if it does exist. It can only be a kind of tacit knowledge, based on which human carries on different language activities.

关 键 词：语言难题 语言奥秘 生活形式 默会知识 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]