母乳喂养对3岁儿童乳牙患龋病的影响  

The impact of breastfeeding on dental caries in children aged 3 years

作　　者：邹晓璇[1] 苗江霞[1] 李文珺[1] 张艳玲[1] 张萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区妇幼保健院,北京100080

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2012年第6期451-453,共3页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市海淀区科委基金项目

摘　　要：目的探讨喂养方式和母乳喂养时间对3岁儿童乳牙龋的影响,以寻求母乳喂养对乳牙龋患病的关键点,尽早给予父母合理的喂养指导。方法采用横断面研究的方法,对北京市海淀区588名幼儿园小班儿童进行口腔检查,并由其监护人完成调查问卷。结果母乳喂养时间小于6个月、6～12个月和大于12个月三组儿童乳牙患龋率分别为40.4%、48.2%和54.4%。随着母乳喂养时间增长,乳牙患龋率显著增高(P趋势=0.017);在混合喂养方式下,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童乳牙患龋率均显著高于喂养时间小于6个月的儿童(49.7%,54.3%和36.1%;P=0.026和P=0.010)。Logistic回归分析,调整了传统的危险因素后,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童,患龋风险分别是喂养时间小于6个月的1.770倍(OR=1.770,95%CI:1.046～2.995)和2.549倍(OR=2.549,95%CI:1.420～4.579),选择母乳喂养方式的儿童比人工喂养的儿童患龋风险减少近60%(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.167～0.990)。结论母乳喂养能够有效降低儿童患龋的风险,且纯母乳喂养时间在6个月内为佳,尽早给予家长专业喂养指导,同时做好儿童牙齿护理和培养良好的口腔行为习惯,综合控制乳牙患龋的危险因素。Objective To explore the impact of feeding methods and breastfeeding time on dental canes in children aged 3 years, and to find the key point, as soon as possible to give parents the reasonable feeding guide, Methods An cross-sectional study was conducted on 588 children in a small nursery （aged 3 years） with teeth checking in the Haidian district. Results The prevence of dental caries 40.4%. 48.2% and 54.4% in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months, between 6-12 months and more than 12 months respectively. As the breastfeeding time grew, the prevence of dental caries increased （Ptrend=0. 017）. Only the prevence of dental caries in the groups of breastfeeding time more than 12 months was greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months （P=0. 018）. With mixed feeding method, the prevence of dental caries in both the group of breastfeeding time between 6-12 months and more than 12 months were greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months （49.7%, 54.3% and 36.1%; P = 0.026 and P=0. 010）. In logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for triditional risk factors, the risk of dental caries in both the group of breastfeeding time between 6-12 months and more than 12 months were signifcantly greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months （OR= 1. 770, 95%CI： 1. 046-2. 995 and OR=2. 549, 95%CI： 1. 420-4. 579）. Also with the group of artificial feeding method, the risk of dental caries in group of breastfeeding method descreasded by 60~/oo （OR=0. 406, 95%CI： 0. 167-0. 990）. Conclusions The risk of dental caries decreases effictively by the breastfeeding method, and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months is better. Overall, the finding shows that dental health education should be encouraged as soon as possible.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 婴幼儿龋 乳牙患龋率 

分 类 号：R788.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]