美国科学证据可采性规则的分析与借鉴  

Analysis and reference of the scientific evidence admissibility rules in the United States

作　　者：李小恺[1] 李涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《长安大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第2期94-100,共7页Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国政法大学博士研究生创新实践项目(2011BSCX25)

摘　　要：为深入理解美国科学证据可采性规则的内涵和要求,结合经典判例与成文法规定,对美国科学证据可采性规则的历史发展过程进行了梳理与分析。分析认为:可采性标准从Frye标准之机械的"普遍接受"原则,历经《联邦证据规则》第702条和Daubert规则,逐渐发展成为法官依据法律原则对可采性进行自由裁量;法官以科学的经验性为哲学基础进行自由裁量,是判别科学证据可靠性与科学性的发展趋势;借鉴美国的历史经验,中国的鉴定意见可采性制度可以从可采性判断的程序设置、深入实质进行审查判断、加强司法领域与各领域联系3个方面加以完善。In order to understand the admissibility rules of scientific evidence, the authors, based on the classical precedents and statute law, analyze the development of this issue in the United States. According to the analysis, admissibility standard developed from ＂general acceptance＂ of Frye standard, which is a mechanical method, to depending on discretion of judge before which Federal Rules of Evidence 702 and Daubert rule have been founded. Judge is to distinguish the reliability of scientific evidence and scientific trends under the philosophical basis of scientific empirical discretion. With reference to the ex- perience of the United States, the improvement of the admissibility rules of judicial identification opinion in China should follow the three aspects ： to found procedures of the admissibility judgments, to review in real terms, and to strengthen the contacts in various fields.

关 键 词：科学证据 Frye标准 《联邦证据规则》 Daubert规则 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]