基于引元结构分析“V着”汉语存现句的句法语义属性  

An Applicative-construction-based Analysis of the Syntax and Semantics of the Existential Constructions with “V-zhe (着)” in Chinese

作　　者：马志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心/词典学研究中心,广东广州510420

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2012年第2期77-86,共10页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学"十一五"规划2010年度项目"长距离句法结构的句法语义分析及其二语习得研究"(GD10YWW04)

摘　　要：汉语中含有非作格动词和及物动词的"V+着"存现句都仅仅表达事物的存在状态这类单一认知行为。但文章认为,这两类存现句在如何实现存在状态方面有着本质不同,而这种差异可归因于汉语语素"着"具有的两种语义属性:持续性体态义和附着性实质义。文章基于引元结构理论的分析显示,非作格动词存现句具有高位引元结构,而及物动词存现句具有低位引元结构。基于引元结构理论的分析适切地实现了两类存现句在语义蕴含、构词形态和句法推导三方面的完美匹配,因此是兑现最简理念的更优化分析。The existential constructions of ＂ ＋ zhe （着）＂ type in Chinese only express the state of existence, which is by nature a simple cognitive behaviour. This article, however, proposes that existential constructions with unergative verbs and those with transitive verbs differ in their ways of realizing the state of existence. Such differences can be attributed to dif- ferent semantic denotations of the morpheme zhe （着） ： the aspectual meaning of continuance and the substantial meaning of affixing. Based on the theory of Applicative-constructions, this article puts forward the proposal that existential constructions with unergative verbs are of High-Applicative-constructions, whereas existential constructions with transitive verbs are of Low-Applicative-constructions. The analysis within the framework of Applicative-construction, quite appropriately, realizes the perfect match of semantic import, morphological make-up and syntactic derivation of the two types of existential constructions, thereby posing as an optimal alternative in realizing the minimalist tenet.

关 键 词：汉语存现句 非作格动词+“着”存现句 及物动词+“着”存现句 引元结构 高位引元结构 低位引元结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]