质量表征和眼动过度追踪对表征动量的影响  

The Effect of Mass Representation and Oculomotor Overshoot on “Representational Momentum”

作　　者：王向博[1] 代小东[1,2] 丁锦红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室,首都师范大学心理系,北京100048 [2]北京联合大学师范学院,北京100011

出　　处：《心理学报》2012年第7期896-909,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30970891);教育部高校博士点基金(20091108110001)资助

摘　　要：人们对运动目标最终位置的记忆常常会向运动方向发生偏移,这种偏移被称为"表征动量"。现有研究对表征动量的解释涉及从低水平的知觉加工到高水平的认知加工等多个方面。本研究采用不同材质和滚动声音的球体作为刺激材料,考察高水平的质量表征对表征动量的影响以及知觉水平的眼动信息在其中的作用。实验1探讨了对目标质量的主观表征对眼动追踪和表征动量的影响。结果显示,质量表征会同时影响眼动追踪和表征动量。实验2通过不同的提示线索控制眼动追踪,进一步探讨眼动过度追踪对表征动量的影响。我们发现,非自然追踪的条件下,表征动量会减小,且质量表征对表征动量的影响不再显著。本研究结果表明,高水平的质量表征对表征动量的影响会通过知觉水平的眼动过度追踪起作用;然而,表征动量还受其它因素影响,眼动信息并非决定表征动量的唯一因素。Analogous to the physical momentum of objects in the real-world, visual memory for the final position of a moving target is usually displaced along its trajectory. Such displacement is referred to representational momentum. Several different approaches have been applied to interpret the representational momentum, which range from low-level perceptual processing to high-level cognitive mechanisms （Hubbard, 2010）. An early approach tried to explain the displacement effect by cognitive factors dealing with principles of ＂internalized dynamics＂. In addition to this cognitive approach, ＂low-level＂ explanations of representational momentum also have been proposed, suggesting that sensory factors play a decisive role. In particular, one plausible interpretation attributes the displacement effect to oculomotor action. In addition, it is possible that high-level information regarding physical principles contribute to the displacement by modulating eye movements （Hubbard, 2006b）. We hypothesize that if eye movements modulate or mediate the effects of such information on displacement, disrupting normal eye movement would interrupt the effective information. In the current study, three types of 3D balls （made of paper, wood or stone） rolled from left or right sides accompanied by sound corresponding to the ball material. In Experiment 1, subjects （22 college students） were instructed to indicate the stop position of the ball by pressing a button after tracking its movement for 1037ms and disappeared about 350ms. In Experiment 2, subjects （19 college students） were asked either to pursue the moving target until it disappeared or to track it till it stopped at the center of screen indicating by a ~＇＋＂. The other procedures are similar to the Experiment 1. The subjects＇ eye positions in both experiments were recorded by SMI Hi-Speed eye tracking system with sampling rate of 350Hz. In Experiment 1, the forward shift in the direction of motion of the stone ball was larger than those of the wo

关 键 词：表征 动量 眼动 眼动过度追踪 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]