基于SWAT的猫跳河流域径流及土壤侵蚀模拟研究  

Simulation on Soil Erosion and Streamflow in Maotiaohe Watershed of Guizhou Province Based on SWAT Model

作　　者：余丹[1] 孙丽娜[1] 于俊峰[1] 王震洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第17期256-261,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目"猫跳河数字流域系统研究"(黔科合SY字[2008]3033号)

摘　　要：为深入了解猫跳河流域水文水资源状况,预测水文物理过程、合理利用水资源,对其采取有效的水土保持措施。在GIS支持下,构建SWAT模型所需的空间数据库、气象数据库、土地利用数据库、土壤属性等数据库,考虑西南岩溶地区水文特点,对模型中的岩溶水功能模块进行改进,成功构建了猫跳河流域SWAT模型,模拟分析了流域的径流和土壤侵蚀过程,并对SWAT在该地区的适应性进行探讨。结果表明:SWAT模型很好地概化了研究区的参数,模拟效果较好,在整个流域内具有良好的适用性。通过计算27个子流域内的侵蚀模数,对流域内的土壤侵蚀强度进行了分级,结果显示流域下游的土壤侵蚀较为严重,是水土流失防治及治理的重点区域。In order to know the condition of hydrology and water resources, forecast the physical hydrology process, use water resources reasonably and take effective measures on the soil erosion in the Maotiaohe watershed. Based on GIS, the author installed spatial database, climate database, land utilization database, and soil attribute database of the Maotiaohe watershed for the establishment of SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） to simulate the hydrological and sediment process in the watershed. Taking the particular hydrological characteristic of southwest karst region into consideration, the author successfully established the SWAT model of the Maotiaohe watershed on GIS platform by using the parameters selected from abovementioned databases. The runoff generation and sediment in the watershed each month of 2006 and 2007 were also simulated to indicate the dynamic of watershed runoff and soil erosion using the SWAT model. Furthermore, the adaptability of the SWAT used to simulate the karst watershed was assessed by comparing field observation data with simulation data of the watershed runoff and sediment. The results showed that the SWAT model could present a good simulation on the hydrological process and sediment of the Maotiaohe watershed, and generalized the parameters of the watershed, causing change of the simulation result. Finally, the soil erosion modulus was calculated in the 27 sub-basins delineated by the SWAT. The result also showed that serious soil erosion occurred mainly in the lower of Maotiaohe watershed, practical measures should be taken to reduce soil loss. where more attention should be paid to and some

关 键 词：SWAT 西南岩溶地区 土壤侵蚀 猫跳河流域 

分 类 号：X1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]