2种色型黄粉虫的选育与繁殖特性研究  

Selection and Reproduction of Two Color Varieties of Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)

作　　者：黄琼[1,2] 胡杰[3] 周定刚[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学森林保护学省级重点实验室,四川雅安625014 [2]四川农业大学长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川雅安625014 [3]四川农业大学经济管理学院,成都611130 [4]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第18期231-237,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省教育厅项目"2种色型黄粉虫的热休克蛋白表达与耐热性关系的研究/川硬皮肿腿蜂的驯化与改良"(10ZA056;07ZZ022);国家级大学生创新性实验计划项目"黄粉虫热休克蛋白基因的克隆与表达研究"(101062624)

摘　　要：为给黄粉虫优良品种培育提供基础的遗传材料和理论依据。以60日龄黄粉虫幼虫体壁颜色为基准,对2种典型色型黄粉虫进行了连续多代的定向选育,并对选育出的2种色型黄粉虫的繁殖特性进行了比较。历经4年多、连续12代的定向选育,成功获得遗传稳定的黄、黑2种色型黄粉虫。这2种色型黄粉虫同日龄幼虫和成虫的体色差异明显:黄色型的幼虫和成虫分别为金黄色和黄褐色;黑色型的幼虫和成虫分别为黑褐色和黑色。进一步对其成虫的繁殖特性进行研究表明:黄、黑2种色型黄粉虫成虫的性比、寿命及雌成虫产卵历期无显著差异,它们的雌雄性比约为1.0:1.0、雌、雄成虫平均寿命均在100天以上、雌成虫的平均产卵历期约为3～4个月。但不同试验条件下,2种色型黄粉虫雌成虫的产卵前期、产卵高峰及产卵量差异显著:它们的孤雌成虫产卵前期为10天、无明显产卵高峰、产卵量极低(黄色型:40粒/雌,黑色型:28粒/雌);配对后的雌成虫产卵前期缩短为4天、且有2个明显的产卵高峰、产卵量也较孤雌成虫明显提高(单配组1♀+1♂:黄色型为438粒/雌,黑色型为406粒/雌;群配组50♀+50♂:黄色型为653粒/雌,黑色型为530粒/雌)。由此可见,雌雄配对可以大大提高黄粉虫雌成虫的产卵量,并且群配雌成虫的产卵量远远高于单配雌成虫,因此黄粉虫的养殖宜采用群养群配方式。此外,群配条件下黄色型雌成虫的平均产卵量显著高于黑色型雌成虫,这提示,黄、黑2种色型黄粉虫成虫的繁殖能力可能存在一定差异。上述研究结果既为黄粉虫新品种培育积累了宝贵的遗传材料和基础数据,也为黄粉虫成虫的科学养殖提供了有益参考。In order to provide the essential biomaterials and logical proofs for cultivating new good breeds,the directed selection of two representative color varieties of T.molitor was done for several generations based on the color of the cuticular at 60-day-old of larvae and the reproductive traits of them were compared with each other.The yellow-and black-color varieties of T.molitor,with good genetic stability,were obtained successfully through directed selection of 12 continual generations for more than 4 years.The cuticular color of the two varieties differed greatly,for both larvae and adults at same day age.Cuticular color of larvae and adults of the yellow-color variety was golden-yellow and dim-yellow,respectively,while that of the black ones was blackish-brown and black.Further research on reproductive traits of the adults showed that sex ratio,longevity and oviposition duration showed no significant difference between the two varieties.Sex ratio of the females to males of both varieties was about 1.0：1.0,and average longevity of both male and female adults was longer than 100 d,and average oviposition duration of the female of both varieties was about 3-4 months.But under different test conditions,pre-egg period,oviposition peak and fecundity of females of both varieties showed significant difference.The pre-egg period of partheno-adults of both varieties was 10 d,and they had no visible oviposition peak,and the average fecundity of them was very low（yellow variety：40 eggs/female,black variety：28 eggs/female）.Pre-egg period of the females matched with males shorten to only 4 d,and they had two marked oviposition peaks,and the average fecundity of them was greatly enhanced compared with the partheno-adults.Average fecundity of females of the yellow-and black-color variety in the single-pair-mating groups which were made up of one male and one female was 438 eggs/female and 406 eggs/female,while that of the yellow and black ones in the flock-mating groups which were made up of 50 males and 50 females w

关 键 词：黄粉虫 黄色型 黑色型 选育 繁殖特性 

分 类 号：Q969.97[生物学—昆虫学]