苏联马克思主义哲学模式:形成、特征和缺陷  

The Soviet Marxist Philosophical Model:Its Formation,Features and Defects

作　　者：杨耕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学系,北京100875

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第7期30-39,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"马克思主义哲学体系创新研究"(04JZD003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：苏联马克思主义哲学模式的形成始自德波林的《辩证唯物主义纲要》和布哈林的《历史唯物主义理论》。1929年出版的芬格尔特、萨尔文特的《辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义》和1931年出版的西洛可夫、爱森堡的《辩证唯物主义教程》,标志着苏联马克思主义哲学模式初步形成。辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义"二分结构",引证的列宁、恩格斯的著作多于马克思的著作这一文献格局,直接为现实政治服务和为现行政策作论证,苏联马克思主义哲学模式的这三个基本特征在米丁和拉祖莫夫斯基的《辩证唯物论与历史唯物论》中得到集中体现。因此,1932、1934年出版的米丁和拉祖莫夫斯基的《辩证唯物论与历史唯物论》,标志着苏联马克思主义哲学基本形成;而1938年出版的斯大林的《论辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义》,则标志着苏联马克思主义模式的最终确立。尽管苏联马克思主义哲学模式深化并普及了马克思主义哲学的一些观点,但从总体上看,它忽视了实践的世界观或本体论意义,否定了人的主体地位,颠倒了马克思哲学的总体逻辑。其根本缺陷就在于,向以自然为本体的一般唯物主义的回归。The formation of the Soviet Marxist philosophical model derives from Dialectical materialism by A. M. Deborin and Historical Materialism by Nikolai Bukharin. Dialectical and Historical Materialism by Fingelt and Shelvent published in 1929 and Dialectic Materialism by Sirokov and Eisenberg published in 1931 mark the initial formation of Soviet Marxist philosophy mode. The bipartite structure of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, which is more often cited in works by Lenin and Engels than in those by Marx, serves a direct purpose in practical politics and current policies, and represents the fundamental features of the Soviet Marxist philosophical model as emphasized in Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism by Mitin and Razumovski. Thus, Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism as complied by Mitin and Razumovski, published in 1932 and 1934 respectively, marked the forming of the Soviet Marxist philosophical model, while Stalin＇s Dialectical and Historical Materialism marked the beginnings of the Soviet Marxist philosophical model. The Soviet Marxist philosophical model deepens and popularizes some of the views of Marxist philosophy, but in general it ignores the significance of the practical view of the world or ontology, denies the dominant position of human beings and turns the overall logic of Marxist philosophy on its head. Its fundamental flaw is that it reverts to the general materialism of natural ontology.

关 键 词：辩证唯物主义 历史唯物主义 苏联马克思主义哲学模式 

分 类 号：B512.7[哲学宗教—外国哲学]