社会结构与儒家理想：瞿同祖法律与社会研究中的断裂  

Social Structures and Confucian Ideals:A Rupture in T'ung-tsu Ch'u's Studies of Law and Society

作　　者：杜月[1] 

机构地区：[1]杜月北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2012年第4期50-67,共18页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：瞿同祖的早期与晚期著作之间存在着巨大的张力。在早期的《中国封建社会》与《中国法律与中国社会》二书中,社会结构与儒家理想通过法律严密地搭合在一起,但是这一严密的结构在晚期著作《清代地方政府》之中被极大地颠覆了。本文通过考察以亨利·梅因为代表的西学对于瞿同祖思想的影响,指出瞿同祖对于法律的考察有着"去自然法化"的特征,即忽略法律的道德内涵,并且以研究协变为历史考察之要点。在《汉代社会结构》一书中,瞿同祖试图将这套机制分析与儒家理想"亲亲"与"尊尊"相结合以解释社会结构的维持和变化,却发现这一机制导致了结构的极端不稳定。这极有可能导致了瞿同祖在《清代地方政府》中忽略儒家经义而赋予社会条件本身以高于一切的重要性。There exists a big gap between the early and late books by T＇ung-tsu Ch＇u. In his earliest books ＂Feudal Society in China＂ and ＂Law and Society in Traditional China,＂ social structures and Confucian ideals matched perfectly with each other in the frame of traditional laws. Yet this harmony was upset in his latest book ＂Local Government in China under the Ch＇ ing.＂ This article dives into T~ ung-tsu Ch~ u^s western influences represented by Henry Maine. Ch＇u~ studies of laws were found to be characterized of ＂de-natural law,＂ meaning that Ch^u completely neglected the morality in the law and took Covariation as the focal point for historical examination. In his book ＂Han Social Structure,＂ Ch^u combined this mechanism analysis with Confucian ideals of ＂zun-zun＂ （respect） and ＂qin-qin＂ （kinship） to explain the maintenance and changes of social structures, but only to find great structural instability caused by the mechanism. It is very possible that this was the very reason for Ch＇u to dismiss Confucius ideals and turn to the importance of social conditions themselves being placed above all in his later book of ＂Local Government in China under the Ch＇ing.＂

关 键 词：瞿同祖 中国封建社会 中国法律与中国研究 汉代社会结构 清代地方政府 儒家理想 社会结构 去自然法 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]