土壤石油污染对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的响应  

Responses of seed germination and seedling growth of plants to petroleum-contaminated soil

作　　者：彭昆国 杨丽珍[2] 荣亮[2] 张柱 弓晓峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西省环境科学保护研究院,江西南昌330029 [2]南昌大学环境与化学工程学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2012年第7期19-23,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：全国土壤调查项目(No.NC5120801);国家"973计划"项目(No.2004CB418501)

摘　　要：研究了不同质量分数石油污染土壤对4种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并对幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量对污染胁迫的响应进行了研究,以期筛选适合石油污染土壤的潜在修复植物。设置了4组不同质量分数的石油污染土壤处理,对玉米(Zea mays L.)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)和翅碱蓬(Suaeda hetroptera Kitag)4种供试植物进行了温室盆栽试验观测。结果表明,试验土属滨海盐渍土,在盐碱化和石油污染的双重胁迫下,不同的植物种子对石油污染表现出不同的耐受性;受试植物在10%(质量分数)石油污染处理下的发芽率均达80%以上,且石油的暴露水平越高,高粱、披碱草和翅碱蓬的种子发芽率越大;玉米和高粱的株高和根长均与土壤中石油浓度呈极显著正相关,而披碱草的根长则与之呈显著负相关;玉米的根冠比与土壤中石油浓度呈显著负相关,高粱和披碱草则与之相关性不明显;在石油污染土壤中生长的玉米和高粱,其叶片中MDA含量与空白对照组存在极显著差异,且随着污染土壤石油质量分数的升高呈现单峰响应特征;披碱草2个生长期(45、60d)叶片内的MDA含量均随土壤中石油浓度的升高而增加,土壤石油污染会对其造成毒害作用。总的来看,相比其他2种植物,高粱和披碱草具有较大的种子发芽率和石油污染耐受性,表明它们具有修复石油污染土壤的应用潜力。Effects of soil petroleum pollution on seed germination and seedling growth were investigated, and the responses of malonyldialdehyde （MDA） contents in the seedling leaves to petroleum stress were studied so as to screen the appropriate potential plants to remediate the petroleum-contaminated soils. The pot experiments were con- ducted in the greenhouse to observe the growth of maize, sorghum, elymus and suaeda under 4 levels of petroleum stress. The soil used in pot experiment was coastal saline soil,different plant seeds showed different tolerability when they exposed to both salinity and petroleum stresses. The germination rates of these plants were higher than 80 when they treated by 10%（mass concentration） of petroleum contamination. The germination rates of sorghum,ely- mus and suaeda seeds enhanced as the concentration of petroleum increased. The plant height and root length of maize and sorghum had extremely significant positive correlation with the concentrations of petroleum. The root length of elymus and the root-shoot ratio of maize had significant negative correlation with the concentrations of petroleum. While the sorghum and elymus had not remarkable correlation with the concentrations of petroleum. MDA contents in the leaves of maize and sorghum growing in the oil pollution soil had extremely significant difference with that growing in the control. MDA contents in the leaves of maize and sorghum were in unimodal response to the increase of the con centration of petroleum. MDA contents in the leaves of elymus accumulated in two growth periods （45,60 d） with the petroleum increased, suggesting that the petroleum-contaminated soil has toxic effect on elymus in the both growth pe- riods. In the summary,compared with other two plants, suaeda and elymus have the potential to repair petroleum-con- taminated soils because of their high seed germination and strong oil tolerance.

关 键 词：土壤 石油污染 盐碱化种子萌发 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]