北极表层海水中氯代十六烷降解菌的多样性  

Diversity of C_(16)H_(33) Cl-degrading bacteria in surface seawater of the Arctic Ocean

作　　者：王建宁[1] 董纯明[1] 赖其良[1] 林龙山[2] 邵宗泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室,厦门361005 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物与生态实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《微生物学报》2012年第8期1011-1020,共10页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金(2012142);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005032);IPY中国行动计划;海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201105022-2)~~

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究北极地区表层海水中氯代十六烷(C16H33Cl)降解菌的多样性,并获得新的卤代烃降解菌资源。【方法】以C16H33Cl为唯一碳源和能源在4℃和25℃下对表层海水样品进行富集,通过平板分离鉴定可培养菌株,并验证其降解能力;同时利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析降解菌群结构。【结果】从12个北极表层海水样品中富集分离得到112株可培养菌株。经过降解实验验证,发现19株菌株能够降解氯代十六烷,其中食烷菌(Alcanivorax)、红球菌(Rhodococcus)表现出很好的乳化和降解现象,海杆菌(Marinobacter)也有较好的降解效果。DGGE分析显示,富集驯化的降解菌群中主要优势菌为Alcanivorax,Parvibaculum和Thioclava属的菌株。【结论】北极海水中卤代烃降解菌主要是α-proteobacteria,γ-proteobacteria,Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes。文章首次报道了北极海水卤代烷烃降解菌多样性,研究结果对于认识北极环境中的降解菌资源与生物多样性有参考价值。[Objective]To detect the diversity of the degradation bacteria of halogenated-alkane form the surface seawater of the Arctic Ocean.[Method] Twelve surface-water samples from the Arctic Ocean were collected and enriched using C16H33Cl as the sole carbon and energy source.Bacteria from the enriched cultures were isolated on marine agar,and followed by 16S rRNA gene identification and phylogenetic analysis.Further,their degradation ability was tested with C16H33Cl.The bacterial community structures were further examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）.[Result] In total 112 isolates were obtained from the 12 samples,of which 19 isolates degraded C16H33Cl.Bacteria of Alcanivorax and Rhodococcus exerted good emulsification and degradation,whereas bacteria of Marinobacter also had the degradation capacity,but less.DGGE analysis revealed that Alcanivorax,Parvibaculum and Thioclavawere dominated in the enriched consortia.[Conclusion] The C16H33Cl degradation bacteria in the Arctic marine environment mainly belonged to α-proteobacteria,γ-proteobacteria,actinobacteria and bacteroidetes.This is the first report on the diversity of degradation bacteria of halogenated alkane in the Arctic Ocean.Our result contributed to the knowledge about the arctic environment and the biodiversity of degrading bacteria.

关 键 词：北极 表层海水 氯代十六烷 生物降解 多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]