对虾白斑杆状病毒(WSBV)对斑节对虾的实验感染与病理学研究  

EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF PENAEUS MONODON BY WSBV (WHITE SPOT BACULOVIRUS) AND A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY

作　　者：张吕平[1] 胡超群[1] 任春华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301

出　　处：《热带海洋》2000年第2期69-73,T002,共6页

基　　金：中国科学院"九五"重大B项目!(KZ951 -B1 -1 1 1 );广东省"九五"攻关项目!( 1 995-0 84 )资助

摘　　要：用取自发病虾塘患典型白斑病的病虾为毒源 ,对健康斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon进行人工感染 ,按Koch氏法证实了对虾白斑杆状病毒 (WSBV)是白斑病的病原。对人工感染WSBV后患典型白斑病的斑节对虾的胃、肠及皮下结缔组织进行石蜡切片和超薄切片 ,研究WSBV引起的组织病理变化和宿主细胞感染WSBV后的超微病变过程。结果表明 :感染WSBV后病虾的不同组织均存在广泛的变性、坏死 ,上皮细胞大量解体、脱落 ;部分细胞核肿大、游离 ;结缔组织糜烂 ,呈现空泡化 ;未发现包涵体。透射电镜照片显示 :感染WSBV后的病虾在感染前期 ,靶细胞核膨胀 ,核仁消失 ,核外膜破损 ,染色质靠边分布 ,内质网断裂 ,核糖体脱落 ,线粒体肿胀 ,高尔基体萎缩 ,溶酶体空泡化 ;感染中期 ,病毒粒子在细胞核内大量复制 ,直至充满整个核 ,细胞核内无结构化 ,核膜及质膜皱缩 ;感染后期 ,核胀破 ,病毒粒子从核内释放 ,细胞核呈空囊状 ,胞质内髓样结构明显 ,细胞器解体 ,细胞功能丧失。The histopathology and microscopic pathology of Penaeus monodon were studied after it was experimentally infected by white spot baculovirus(WSBV).The results showed that taking WSBV orally would cause 84%—100%mortality of sub adult Penaeus monodon within 10 days.The moribund shrimps artificially infected exhibited no apparent external signs except white spots on the cuticle inside.Histopathological studies showed that wide necrosis of the epithelial cells and nuclear hypertrophy of the necrotic cells in various organs and tissues originated from ectoderm and mesoderm,such as cuticular epidermis and epithelial tissues of intestines.Neither occlusion bodies nor cytoplasmic inclusions were found.Transmission electron microscopy revealed the different stages of the ultrastructural pathology.At the beginning of WSBV intrusion,the target cell's nucleus became hypertrophic,with nuclear envelope partly damaged and chromatin distributing near the nuclear membrane.Furthermore,broken endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome dropping,swollen mitochondria,atrophied Golgi apparatus and lysosome vesiculation appeared in the cytoplasm of the target cell.At the middle stage of infection,a mass reproduction of the virus proceeded,the nucleus,filled up with virus,exhibited no normal structure, organellae in the cytoplasm were disintegrated.Finally,virus spread out from the nucleus,only some decomposed remnants and marrow like structure distributed .The target cell's normal function was disordered.

关 键 词：白斑杆状病毒 斑节对虾 组织病理 超微病理 

分 类 号：S945.26[农业科学—水产养殖] S945.27[农业科学—水产科学]