生态系统服务价值评估理论框架与生态补偿实践  

An Introduction to Framework of Assessment of the Value of Ecosystem Services

作　　者：戴君虎[1] 王焕炯[1,2] 王红丽[1,2] 陈春阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]辛国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2012年第7期963-969,共7页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC61B05);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB955304);国家自然科学基金项目(41171043)

摘　　要：生态系统服务价值评估是生态系统保护和管理的基础。近年来很多研究对不同尺度和类型的生态系统服务价值进行了评估,有效地增强了人类对生态系统服务及其与人类福祉关系的认识。但其中一些研究的生态系统服务价值评估结果偏离实际较多,对生态补偿等生态系统管理实践作用有限。因此需要继续深入探讨生态系统服务价值评估的理论框架,为客观认识生态系统服务价值提供科学的理论依据。基于上述考虑,本文在已有研究基础上,综合考虑了各框架的优点,总结出完整的生态系统服务价值评估理论框架,并强调了评估的经济学基础、研究尺度及利益相关者问题。该理论框架要求以人类的支付意愿(Wish To Pay,WTP)为基本原则对生态系统服务进行合理估价,并将各项服务的具体价值分配到不同尺度的利益相关者。这可以增强价值评估结果的应用价值和可操作性,为生态补偿标准及对象的确定提供指导性帮助。Ecosystem assessment is the foundation of ecosystem management and conser：ation. In recent years, many studies have assessed the ecosystem services for various types in multiple scales. These results enhance people＇ s understanding of ecosystem services. But some of the current assessment result,; are not reasonable so that they play a minor role in the practice of ecosystem compensation. So it is crucial to filnher study the frame- work of ecosystem services assessment so that we can better understand the actual value of ecosystem services. Based on the previous related theoretical framework for valuing ecosystem services, this study examines the ad- vantages of each framework comprehensively, and summarizes an integrated framework l^or ecosystem services value assessment. In particular, this framework focuses on some key issues, including the economic theory for valuing ecosystem services, scales of ecosystem services and stakeholders. This framework aims to value the ecosystem services reasonably, to follow the wish to pay （WTP） rules and to combine the ecosystem services val- ue with different stakeholders on multiple scales, which can enhance the applicability and maneuverability of as-sessment results and help determine the standard and objects of ecological compensation.

关 键 词：生态系统 生态系统服务价值评估 生态系统管理 生态补偿 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]