磺胺类兽药对土壤微生物数量的影响  

The impact of sulfonamide veterinary drugs on soil microbes quantity

作　　者：国彬[1] 姚丽贤[1] 刘忠珍[1] 何兆桓[1] 周昌敏[1] 李国良[1] 杨苞梅[1] 黄连喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/广东省养分资源循环与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《环境化学》2012年第7期1009-1015,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：广东省农科院科技支撑项目(07-支撑-32);广东省农科院院长基金项目(20090106)支持;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(3-26)资助

摘　　要：采用室内培养的方法,研究磺胺类兽药(磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑)污染对土壤微生物数量(细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌、兼气性固氮菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌)的影响.结果表明,磺胺类兽药对土壤细菌数量有一定的激活作用,其最大激活率在700%以上.兽药对土壤真菌数量的影响主要呈现抑制作用,其最高抑制率为92.9%.兽药对土壤放线菌数量有一定的抑制作用,对土壤固氮菌数量则有一定的激活作用.兽药对土壤兼气性固氮菌数量的影响表现为较低浓度时(10 mg.kg-1)抑制,而较高浓度时(50 mg.kg-1)则激活.兽药对土壤硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌有一定的激活作用,其中对硝化细菌的最大激活率可达1000%以上.The effects of veterinary sulfonamides（sulfamethazine,sulfamethoxazole） pollution on soil microbes quantity（bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,nitrogen-fixing bacteria,aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,nitrosomonas bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and ammonification bacteria） were studied by indoor cultivating.The results show that soil bacteria was activated by veterinary sulfonamides,the maximum activation rate reached above 700%.The effects on soil fungi were mainly for inhibition by veterinary drugs,the maximum inhibition rate reached 92.9%.Soil actinomycetes was inhibited and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was activation by veterinary drugs.The effects on soil aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria show inhibition at low level（10 mg · kg-1） and activation at high level（50 mg · kg-1） by veterinary drugs.The effects on soil nitrifying bacteria,nitrosomonas bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and ammonification bacteria show activation by veterinary drugs,and the maximum activation rate of nitrifying bacteria reached above 1000%.

关 键 词：磺胺类兽药 土壤微生物数量 抑制率 激活率 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]