护士成人依恋和应对方式对职业倦怠的影响  

Effects of adult attachment and coping style on job burnout of nurses

作　　者：李楠楠[1] 李同归[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2012年第7期644-646,共3页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划基金资助项目（2009BA177804）

摘　　要：目的探讨护士依恋类型、应付方式对职业倦怠的影响。方法采用关系问卷（RQ）和亲密关系经历量表（ECR）中文版，以及应对方式问卷和职业倦怠量表对360名护士进行问卷调查。结果（1）安全型103人，轻视型86人，矛盾型67人，害怕型22人。（2）依恋回避与“否认与心理解脱”呈显著正相关（r=0．136）；依恋焦虑与“否认与心理解脱”（r=0．386）和“回避问题转移注意”（r=0．347）呈显著正相关。（3）依恋回避与“去个性化”存在显著的正相关（r=0．147）；依恋焦虑与“情绪耗竭”（r=0．362）和“去个性化”（r=0．390）有显著正相关。（4）四种依恋类型的护士在“针对问题积极应对”、“否认与心理解脱”，以及职业倦怠的“去个性化”指标上存在显著差异，但在“情感求助与宣泄”及“回避问题转移注意”，以及职业倦怠的“情感耗竭”和“成就感低落”指标上差异不显著。（5）依恋焦虑及“否认与心理解脱”对“情感耗竭”有正向预测作用；“否认与心理解脱”、依恋焦虑、“回避问题转移注意”及“针对问题积极应对”对“去个性化”有预测作用；“针对问题积极应对”可以负向预测“成就感低落”。结论护士的依恋类型、应付方式对职业倦怠有一定的影响。Objective To explore the relationship of adult attachment,coping style and job burnout among nurses. Methods Relationship Questionnaire（RQ） and Experience of close relationships （ECR） inventory were used to measure 360 nurses adult attachment. Coping style scale and Maslach＇s Burnout Inventory-General Scale were used to measure subjects＇coping strategies and job burnout. Results （1）Distribution of adult attachment style in nurses were：103 for secure ,86 for dismissing,67 for preoccupied and 21 for fearful. （2） There was significant positive correlation between attachment avoidance and denying the prob].em and mental disengagement （ r = 0. 136 ） ;attachment anxiety was positively related to denying the problem and mental disengagement（ r = 0. 386 ） , and to avoiding the problems and shifting attention （ r = 0. 347 ）. （3） Attachment avoidance was significantly related to depersonalization（ r = 0. 147 ） ;there were significant positive correlations between attachment anxiety and emo- tion exhaustion（ r= 0. 362） and depersonalization（ r = 0. 390）. （4） There were no significant differences among four attachment groups on seeking emotional support and venting of emotions, avoiding the problems and shifting at- tention, and emotion exhaustion, ineffectiveness. （5）Regression analysis suggested that emotion exhaustion can be predicted by attachment anxiety and denying the problem and mental disengagement,while ineffectiveness only can be predicted by active coping focused on the problems. Conclusion Both adult attachment and coping style are contributed to job burnout among nurses.

关 键 词：依恋类型 应付方式 职业倦怠 护士 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]