基于景观格局的城市热岛研究进展  

Studies on urban heat island from a landscape pattern view: a review

作　　者：陈爱莲[1,2] 孙然好[1] 陈利顶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第14期4553-4565,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40925003);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501002);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1-02)资助

摘　　要：首先对城市热岛效应的研究历史、大气城市热岛(AUHI)和地表城市热岛(SUHI)等概念、以及数据获取方式等方面进行简要地概述;随之着重综述从景观格局角度对城市热岛效应进行的研究。统计描述、传统景观格局指数分析和模型模拟法是目前该方向研究的主要方法,统计和景观格局指数分析的研究方法相似,主要统计地表参数或地表景观格局指数与地表温度的相关关系,在SUHI的研究中用得较多;AUHI和SUHI的数据源和机理不尽相同,其研究方法也不同;AUHI一般使用固定气象站点的数据和精细的局部移动气象站数据,较难和景观格局指数结合;模型模拟法则既可以使用地表温度也可以使用大气温度,其结果具体可靠,但目前模型模拟中涉及的景观格局参数,尤其是二维或多维的格局参数并不多;最后从数据源和景观格局参数的参与两个角度讨论了该方向研究存在的问题并提出今后研究的重点,包括(1)针对研究目标,选取或生产最合适的高质量数据;(2)深入从景观格局角度模拟城市热岛效应的研究,尤其是二维和三维景观格局的模拟,并发展多维度的景观格局指数;(3)中尺度上充分利用多光谱遥和热红外遥感数据,结合小尺度的测量和模拟,建立基于机理的景观模型或格局指数以评价中尺度的城市热岛效应;(4)多领域数据的融合和多学科方法的交叉研究和应用。Urban heat island（UHI） as a worldwide urban climate issue has long been studied.It was found as a phenomenon at first and its intensity were then quantified and even simulated.Nowadays people are more concerned about the mitigation of UHI effects.Suggested mitigation methods include（1） advocating energy conservation to reduce excessive anthropogenic heat emissions,（2） using appropriate building materials to construct so-called ＂cool roofs＂ or ＂green roofs＂ to alter urban landscape matrix and（3） reasonable urban planning and landscape design.With a still on-going propaganda of a ’low-carbon’ life style,the study of landscape matrix alteration has been well documented and applied.The changing of landscape pattern to mitigate UHI effects is however poorly carried out,partly due to theoretical and computational weakness.The problem with new building materials is that most of them are either expensive or need to renovate in a short period,so a good landscape planning and a better landscape design might be more constructive and efficient for mitigating UHI effects,especially in developing countries,where urbanization is still very fast.But a good landscape planning concerning UHI effects relief asks for a reasonable landscape pattern analysis with respect to UHI,and besides,appropriate configuration of the landscape matrix requires sound landscape pattern analysis,too,thus,it is important to carry out landscape pattern analysis for urban heat island mitigation.However to date,the landscape pattern analysis provides not much advices for landscape planning.In this paper,we first reviewed the research of the urban heat island history and related concepts briefly,such as Atmospheric UHI（AUHI） and Surface UHI（SUHI）,and then focused on those studies mostly of the past decade dealing with UHI from the view of landscape pattern.Generally,two methods were used to analyze UHI effects;one is the traditional landscape metrics and statistical method-they are similar,the other is the simulation me

关 键 词：城市热岛 景观格局 景观设计 地表温度 土地利用与土地覆盖 AUHI SUHI 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]