澜沧江流域土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Lancang River Basin

作　　者：陈龙[1,2] 谢高地[1] 张昌顺[1] 李士美[3] 范娜[1,2] 张彩霞[1] 裴厦[1,2] 盖力强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]青岛农业大学,青岛266109

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第7期1240-1247,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础性工作专项(编号:2008FY110300);国家自然科学基金(编号:41101539)

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀已成为全球范围内主要的环境和农业问题之一。本文基于GIS技术和RUSLE模型,对澜沧江流域的土壤侵蚀状况及其空间分布特征进行了计算分析。结果表明,流域内年土壤侵蚀量为11.27亿t/a,平均土壤侵蚀模数为68.63t/hm2,属强烈侵蚀。流域内土壤侵蚀与坡度和海拔关系密切,坡度每上升一个等级,土壤侵蚀模数平均增加33.34t/hm2;而海拔平均每升高1000m,土壤侵蚀程度则加重2.3倍。流域内60.86%面积的区域存在着不同程度的侵蚀,其特征表现为局部区域内的剧烈土壤侵蚀,主要分布于中上游海拔在3000m以上,坡度为15~35°的区域内,是土壤侵蚀以及泥石流等地质灾害防治的重点区域。Soil erosion has become one of the major environmental and agricultural issues around the world. It will not only result in land degradation and decline of soil fertility due to the direct loss of solid particles and organic matter, but also cause mudslides, landslides and other geological disasters. Moreover, it will also give rise to sand deposit and water pollution in river, impact on the regular flood discharge of the river, and reduce the life cycle and efficiency of hydropower projects. The Lancang River originates on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a famous transboundary river running throughout six countries. The Lancang River Basin experiences large regional differences in climate as it flows from north to south. Temperature and precipitation increase from north to south, and decrease with increasing elevation. The diversity of physiographic settings result in a variety of soil types and ecosystems. However, the ecological environment of the Lancang River Basin is very fragile, and soil erosion is very serious in the middle and upper reaches. Therefore, it is necessary to study the soil erosion and the spatial distribution characteristics of it in the basin. Based on GIS and RUSLE model, the paper studied the soil erosion and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin. The results showed that the annual amount of soil erosion was 1.13 billion ton and the soil erosion modules was 68.63 t · hm -2 in the basin. Accordingly, it was concluded that the basin was belong to the intensive erosion areas. Zhaqu River was the most serious erosion area and the eroded soil accounted for 24.94% of the total; followed by Angqu River and Ziqu River, and accounted for respectively 18.00% and 11.70%. The degree of soil erosion in the basin was closely related to the slope and elevation. The soil erosion modules averagely increased 33.34 t · hm -2 as the slope stepped up to the next level, while the soil erosion aggravated 2.3 times as the elevation increased 1000 m. 60.86% area of the basin suffered soil erosion wi

关 键 词：GIS RUSLE 澜沧江 土壤侵蚀 空间分布 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]