中国农村居民食物消费需求弹性研究  

Rural Households' Food Demand in China——A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System Model

作　　者：张玉梅[1] 喻闻[1] 李志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第2期7-13,共7页Journal of Jianxi Agricultural University :Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BADA9B00);948项目(2011-Z5)

摘　　要：利用1985—2009年的省级面板数据,运用二次型几乎理想需求系统QUAIDS方法模拟中国农村居民食物消费需求系统,估算和比较了东中西三地区在各个时期的粮食、食用油、肉类、蛋类、水产品和蔬菜6种食物的消费支出弹性和需求价格弹性。研究结果表明,粮食、食用油和蛋类的消费支出弹性和需求自价格弹性都为缺乏弹性,消费需求受收入和价格的影响很小;肉类、水产品和蔬菜的消费支出弹性为富有弹性,即农村居民对肉类、水产品和蔬菜的消费需求受到收入的制约。另外,价格也是影响这些食物的消费的重要因素,尤其是水产品和蔬菜的消费需求对价格变化较为敏感。从区域来看,西部地区的粮食和水产品消费支出弹性均明显高于东部地区和中部地区,而其它食物消费支出弹性的地区差异较小。促进农民增收和稳定食物价格,特别是稳定粮食价格,仍然是保障居民食物消费和营养摄入的最重要措施。A food demand system of Chinese rural households is estimated using pooled provincial and time - series panel data from 1985 to 2009 following quadratic almost ideal demand system model （QUAIDS）. Expenditure elasticities and demand price elasticities of grain, meat, egg, fish and vegetable for rural house- holds in east, central and west China are estimated. The results show that grain, edible oil and eggs are ex- penditure and price-inelastic, whose consumptions are hardly affected by income and price. Meat, aquatic products and vegetable are expenditure-elastic, and are affected by rural households＇ income. Their consump- tions will be affected by price, and the demands for aquatic products and vegetable are in particular, sensitive to the changes of price. Except that expenditure elasticity of grain and aquatic products in western area is higher than that in central and eastern China, there are small regional differences for other food. The increase of income and the stabilization of food price, especially grain price, are helpful in ensuring households＇ food consumption and nutrition intake.

关 键 词：农村居民 食物消费 二次型几乎理想需求系统 需求弹性 

分 类 号：F014.5[经济管理—政治经济学]