长期培肥下红黄壤区茶园土壤酶活性的变化  

Variation in Soil Enzyme Activities under Long-term Fertilization of Tea Garden in Red-yellow Soil Area

作　　者：王利民[1] 李卫华[1] 范平[1] 邱孝煊[1] 黄东风[1] 林新坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《茶叶科学》2012年第4期347-352,共6页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B08);福建省农业科学院博士科研启动基金(2010BS-7);福建省自然科学基金(2011J05057);福建省属公益类基本科研专项(2010R1024-4)

摘　　要：通过红黄壤区茶园长期培肥试验,研究不施肥、全量化肥、半量化肥+半量有机肥、全量有机肥、全量化肥+豆科绿肥、半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥等不同培肥模式对土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,各培肥模式均能不同程度提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性,特别是半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥的培肥模式可显著增强这3种酶的活性,分别增加了2.82、7.73、0.33倍,而长期施用化肥对这些酶活性的促进作用则较小。此外,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量、土壤含水量、茶树株高及茶叶产量与土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均有显著正相关性,说明这些酶对培肥模式的变化反应灵敏,可作为红黄壤区茶园土壤肥力水平和茶树生长状况的评价指标;而与过氧化氢酶活性的相关性较弱,该酶活性不能较好地表征土壤肥力状况。因此,半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥的培肥模式更有利于加快土壤中氮、磷等营养元素的循环,增加茶树的养分供应。The aim of this study was to show the effects of long-term fertilization on the activities ofprotease, urease, invertase, catalase and phosphatase of the tea garden soil in red-yellow soil area. It consisted of six treatments： no fertilization, the whole rate of chemical fertilizer, half rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ half rate of organic fertilizer, the whole rate of organic fertilizer, the whole rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure and half rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ half rate of organic fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure. Results indicated that： The activities of protease, urease and phosphatase in soil were enhanced by all those treatments, especially by half rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ half rate of organic fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure treatment, the protease activity was increased 2.82 times, urease by 7.73 times and phosphatase by 0.33 times compared to those under no fertilization treatment, while the activities of those enzymes in the whole rate of chemical fertilizer treatment were less than those in half rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ half rate of organic fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure treatment. In addition, organic matter, soil total N and P, hydrolysable N, available P and K, soil water content, cation exchange capacity, plant height and tea yield were highly positively correlated with individual enzymes such as protease, urease and phosphatase rather than catalase activity, respectively. It is concluded that the protease, urease and phosphatase showedthe most sensitive to the treatments, suggesting that those enzymes should be used as sensitive indicators of variation in soil quality and the growth vigor of tea plant induced by different fertilization treatment. Overall, a faster nitrogen and phosphorus turn-over is found under half rate of chemical fertilizer ＋ half rate of organic fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure treatment, which is beneficial to increase the supply of these nutrients to tea plant.

关 键 词：长期培肥 红黄壤 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S154.2[农业科学—作物学]