唐山市5岁以下儿童腹泻分子流行病学研究及长期预防控制对策  

Molecular epidemiological study on children under five years old with diarrhea and the long-term countermeasures for prevention and control of childhood diarrhea in Tangshan city

作　　者：余亮科[1] 王林[1] 陈玉强[1] 高捷[1] 赵文喆[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学附属医院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2012年第22期3422-3424,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的:对唐山市5岁以下儿童腹泻进行分子流行病学研究,为腹泻的防治提供数据,进而提出对儿童腹泻的长期预防控制措施。方法:随机抽取唐山市300例儿童急性腹泻的粪便样本,除去细菌性腹泻180例以外,对120例病毒性腹泻用胶体金法检测轮状病毒,用半套式反转录聚合酶链(PT-PCR)方法检测星状病毒、腹泻腺病毒、人杯状病毒。结果:唐山市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻中16.33%是轮状病毒感染,10.33%是星状病毒感染,8.67%是腹泻腺病毒感染,4.67%是人杯状病毒感染。细菌性腹泻发病在各个年龄段差异不明显。不同病毒引起的儿童腹泻高峰期不同,轮状病毒的发病高峰期在6个月龄～,星状病毒发病高峰期在12个月龄～,腹泻腺病毒的发病高峰期在12个月龄～、18个月龄～,人杯状病毒的发病高峰期在12个月龄～。而季节变化对腹泻原因没有明显的影响。结论:细菌性感染是引起儿童腹泻的最重要原因,而病毒性腹泻中则以轮状病毒为主要诱发原因。对细菌性腹泻的预防控制要在儿童成长的每个年龄段都加以注意,对不同病毒引起的儿童腹泻则可根据发病年龄高峰期的不同采取相应措施。Objective：To conduct molecular epidemiological study for children under five years old with diarrhea in Tangshan city, pro- vide data for prevention and treatment of diarrhea, further put foreward long - term countermeasures for prevention and control of childhood diar- rhea Methods：The stool samples of 300 children with acute diarrhea were selected from Tangshan city randomly, after excluding 180 children with bacterial diarrhea, the other 120 children with viral diarrhea underwent rotavirus detection by colloidal gold method, RT -PCR was used to detect astrovirus, diarrheal adenovirus, and human calicivirus. Results： Among the children under five years old with viral diarrhea in Tangshan city, 16. 33% of them were infected by rotavirus, 10. 33% of them were infected by astrovirus, 8.67% of them were infected by diarrheal ade- novirus, and 4. 67% of them were infected by human calicivirus. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of bacterial diarrhea among children in different age groups. The peak periods of childhood diarrhea induced by different viruses varied, the peak periods of childhood diarrhea induced by rotavirus, astrovirus, diarrheal adenovirus, and human calicivirus were 6 -12 months, 12 -28 months, 12 -24 months, and 12 - 18 months, respectively. The change of season had no obvious impact on the causes of diarrhea. Conclusion：Bacterial infec- tion was the most important cause of childhood diarrhea, but for the children with viral diarrhea, rotavirus was the main induced cause. More attention should be paid to the children during every age period to prevent and control bacterial diarrhea, childhood diarrhea induced by differ- ent viruses can be treated with corresponding measures according to different peak periods of onset age.

关 键 词：儿童腹泻 分子流行病学 预防控制 

分 类 号：R574.62[医药卫生—消化系统]