麻窝山小流域石漠化景观格局变化特征  

Landscape Patterns of Rocky Desertification in the Mawoshan Karst Basin of Northwest Guizhou Province

作　　者：陈昊[1] 吴攀[1] 刘沛[1] 顾尚义[1] 曹振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第4期239-243,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目课题"碳酸盐岩风化的生物地球化学过程与成土速率"(2006CB403202)

摘　　要：针对受自然和经济因素限制,历史资料较为匮乏的贵州省威宁县麻窝山喀斯特岩溶盆地,利用不同时期的遥感影像数据揭示其石漠化景观的发展过程。以多时相多种遥感影像(MSS、ETM+和AVNIR-2)为主要数据源,借助GIS平台和数理统计分析方法,从流域内石漠化的时空分布特点、植被退化特征和土壤侵蚀的角度分析研究区33a来的石漠化动态变化。结果表明,流域内石漠化的形成和发展主要受人为因素的控制,并且其规模呈明显的扩张趋势。其中,在石漠化发展的前期(1977—2002年)和后期(2002—2010年),分别表现为迅速扩张和平缓增加的特点,石漠化面积增量分别为0.42km2和0.12km2。同时,1980—2009年间,强烈的人为活动导致了较为严重的土壤侵蚀,侵蚀模数达到3 983.15t/(km2.a)。As the limit by natural and economic factors and the lack of historical data,remote sensing images collected in different periods were used to reveal the development process of karst rocky desertification landscape in Mawoshan basin of Weining county,Guizhou Province.GIS and statistics analysis methods were used to analyze a karst rocky desertification distribution over the past 33 years based on remote sensing images（MSS,ETM＋ and AVNIR-2） obtained in different periods.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rocky desertification,vegetation degradation features and soil erosion were evaluated based on the analysis and previous research achievements.The results showed that,with expanding trend of the scale,the formation and development of rocky desertification of the Mawoshan watershed was greatly controlled by human activities.Early（1977—2002） and late（2002—2010） periods of rocky desertification presented rapid expanding and slow increase,respectively.The increase of rocky desertification areas of these two periods were 0.42 km2 and 0.12 km^2,respectively.From 1980 to 2010,the human controlled erosion modulus reached 3 983.15 t/（km^2·a） because of soil erosion resulted from intensive human activities.

关 键 词：麻窝山 岩溶盆地 遥感 GIS 石漠化 侵蚀模数 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]