试论孟子说《春秋》——关于《诗》与《春秋》的关系及《春秋》的三重内涵  

An Analysis of Mencius' Discussion of Chun Qiu

作　　者：骆扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,西安710062

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2012年第4期115-123,160,共9页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"中外史学理论比较研究"(04JZD0027);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"<春秋>经传历史记载主体性之研究"(11SZYB26)

摘　　要：从孟子"《诗》亡然后《春秋》作"的叙述不仅可以看到《诗》与《春秋》在时间上的前后承接,更重要地还可以看到它们在政治上所发挥的功能具有相似性。《春秋》取代《诗》而出现,意味着史已经从诗中分离独立出来。由《诗》到《春秋》的这种变化,意味着先秦史学的一种发展,而也正是因为先秦史学自身的不断发展以及史书所具有的鉴戒特点,孔子方能于《诗》亡之后以《春秋》担当王道教化的作用。进一步分析孟子对《春秋》事、文、义三个方面的叙述,可以发现先秦时期中国传统史学就已经奠定了大致的基础。而细究史所蕴含的这三个方面,因"事"而著"文",由"文"而见"义",传统史学似乎有以"义"为终归的倾向;然而"义"信必有待于"事"真,而"事"之不存,则"义"将焉附?"义"只有立于坚实的"事"的基础上,才能避免无限制的主观发挥与牵强附会。而《春秋》具体特殊的"事"与抽象普遍的"义"最终统一于"文"的载体,事、文、义之间各自存在着一种张力,三者密不可分。From Mencius' remark 'When Shi Jing(Book of Odes) ceased to be made,then Chun Qiu(The Spring and Autumn Annals) was produced,' not only is seen a chronological order between the two classicals mentioned,but also,more importantly,the same role they played in politics.The appearance of the latter book means the independence of history from poetry,and the development of the Pre-Qin historiography.It was owing to this development and to the fact that history provides warning lessons that Confucius was able to propagate his ideal of social order through Chun Qiu.From Mencius' division of history into occurrences,accounts and meanings,it can be reasonably believed that traditional Chinese historiography was basically founded at the time.An examination of Mencius' treatment of history leaves us quite aware that it was meaning that was to be aimed at in the traditional Chinese historiography.Credibility of meaning depends on real occurrences,and no meaning is based on non-facts,thus avoiding over interpretation and far-fetchedness.The concrete occurrences were matched up with the abstract meaning in the accounts of Chun Qiu,where a tension surely exists among the interrelated three.

关 键 词：《诗》 《春秋》 孟子 孔子 事 文 义 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]