佛山市冬季PM2.5中重金属元素的污染特征  

Characteristics of heavy metals in PM_(2.5) during winter in Foshan City

作　　者：王晴晴[1] 谭吉华[1] 马永亮[2] 贺克斌[2] 韦莲芳[1] 杨复沫[1] 余永昌 王洁文 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院地球科学学院,计算地球动力学实验室,北京100049 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]广东省佛山市环境保护局,广东广州528000

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2012年第8期1384-1391,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(XMXX280732);国家重点实验室专项基金(10K13ESPCT)

摘　　要：为了解珠江三角洲典型工业城市佛山冬季大气细颗粒物中重金属元素的污染特征,在佛山的城区(禅城)和城市清洁点(三水)同步采集24h PM2.5样品,分析了16种元素Fe、Ti、Zn、V、Mn、Cu、As、Rb、Sr、Cd、Cs、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb和Bi的浓度.禅城的重金属处于较高的污染水平,三水重金属元素浓度普遍低于禅城,但Fe、Ti、Sr、Cd的浓度高于禅城.与国家大气颗粒物中重金属浓度标准相比,禅城的As、Cd超标严重,Pb略超标,三水的As、Cd超标严重.Zn、Cu、As、Pb的富集因子均高于10,表明其主要与人类活动导致的污染有关.重金属元素的浓度在灰霾期都有增高的趋势,但各重金属浓度日变化趋势和幅度在禅城较为一致,在三水则不太一致.气团后向轨迹分析表明,研究期间重金属元素的浓度分布受靠近或者始于福建的广东东北方向气团、广福沿岸气团、海洋方向气团和来自江西的气团影响,其中第1类气团主要使得重金属元素浓度提高,后面3类气团均使得重金属浓度下降.To investigate the characteristics of heavy metals in fine particles（PM2.5） during winter in Foshan,a typical industrial city in Pearl River Delta,24h integrated PM2.5 samples were simultaneously collected at a pair of sites,one urban site and one background site,and 16 elements（Fe,Ti,Zn,V,Mn,Cu,As,Rb,Sr,Cd,Cs,Ba,Hg,Tl,Pb and Bi） of the samples were analyzed.Heavy metals at the urban site were at a high level of pollution,and generally higher than those at the background site,except Fe,Ti,Sr,and Cd.Compared with the national standard of heavy metals,the concentrations of As,and Cd were much higher and Pb exceeded slightly at the urban site,while those of As and Cd at the background site were much higher.The enrichment factors of Zn,Cu,As,and Pb were greater than 10,indicating that they were mainly from anthropogenic activities.There were clear increases in the concentrations of heavy metals during the haze period,while their daily variations at the urban site were more consistent than those in the background site.Air mass back trajectory analysis showed that the concentration distribution of heavy metals was affected by four kinds of air masses： the ones close to or starting from the northeast of Guangdong or Fujian,the ones along the coast of Guangdong and Fujian,the ones from marine and the ones from Jiangxi.The first kind of air masses increased the heavy metals concentrations,while the others decreased the levels.

关 键 词：重金属 大气细颗粒物 富集因子 气团传输 佛山 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]