弛豫铁电单晶的研究进展—压电效应的起源研究  

Recent Development on Relaxor-PbTiO_3 Single Crystals: the Origin of High Piezoelectric Response

作　　者：李飞[1] 张树君[1,2] 李振荣[1] 徐卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电子材料研究所,西安710049 [2]美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学材料研究所,美国16802

出　　处：《物理学进展》2012年第4期178-198,共21页Progress In Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目的资助(项目号:51102193;10976022);国家973项目的资助(2009CB623306)

摘　　要：由于具有优异的压电性能,弛豫铁电单晶自上世纪90年代问世以来即成为了铁电压电领域研究的热点材料,并被认为是研发下一代高性能换能器、传感器等器件的重要压电材料。弛豫铁电单晶不但压电常数可达2500 pC/N,约为软性Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT)陶瓷的5倍,而且其电致应变滞后也远小于软性PZT陶瓷。因此,弛豫铁电单晶高压电性能的产生机理一直是铁电压电领域的研究热点。本文主要介绍了弛豫铁电单晶材料在近些年的发展,从本征压电效应(晶格压电畸变)的角度归纳总结了弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的产生机理,着重探讨了弛豫铁电单晶的重要特点—剪切压电效应。在本征效应的基础上,本文对弛豫铁电单晶压电效应与晶体组分、切向以及温度的关系进行了分析。需要指出的是,目前基于本征角度对弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的分析仍处于定性的阶段,因而还不能完全排除一些可能导致弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的非本征物理机制。Relaxor-PbTiO 3（PT） ferroelectric single crystals have attracted great interest since 1990s due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric properties,which are believed to be the promising candidate materials for next generation high performance ultrasonic transducers and piezoelectric sensors.The piezoelectric coefficients of relaxor-PT single crystals were found to be on the order of 2500 pC/N,about five times that of commercial ＂soft＂ Pb（Zr,Ti）O 3（PZT） polycrystalline ceramics,furthermore,the electric field induced strain hysteresis is minimal,far outperforms ＂soft＂ PZT counterparts,exhibiting ＂unique＂ piezoelectric characteristics.Therefore,extensive studies have been focused on the exploration of high piezoelectric activity in relaxor-PT ferroelectric crystals during last 20 years.In this paper,the recent progress of relaxor-PT crystals is introduced;the developed concepts explaining the high piezoelectric activity in relaxor-PT crystals are surveyed,focusing on the shear piezoelectric behaviors,which are critical properties of relaxor-PT crystals.In addition,the piezoelectric responses of relaxor-PT crystals with respect to composition,orientation,and temperature are investigated based on the intrinsic contribution（lattice piezoelectric distortion）.It is worthy to note that other physical mechanisms inducing high piezoelectric response in relaxor-PT crystals should also be considered,except the intrinsic contribution mechanism,which is yet to be developed.

关 键 词：弛豫铁电 单晶体 压电效应 

分 类 号：O482.5[理学—固体物理] O482.42[理学—物理]