厦门近岸水域海洋附着细菌的群落结构及其动态变化  

Community structure and dynamic variations of marine attached bacteria in Xiamen coastal waters

作　　者：徐春燕[1] 陈澄璟[1] 鄢庆枇[1] 宋振荣[1] 马英[1] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院、农业部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2012年第3期396-402,共7页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC40632013);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)开放基金资助项目(MEL0701);集美大学创新团队基金资助项目(2010A003)

摘　　要：为研究海洋附着细菌的群落结构及动态变化,在厦门近岸海区进行挂板实验.将无菌玻璃板浸没于海水中,连续放置14 d.分别于放置1 h和7、14 d后取玻璃板上附着生物样品.用细菌通用引物构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,每个克隆文库随机挑选约40个克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,所有的克隆子可分为六大类群:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和真核硅藻类叶绿体,各类群分别占42.0%、4.5%、2.2%、2.2%、1.1%和45.0%.γ-变形菌纲变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans)为优势附着细菌,占测序克隆子的31.5%.这类细菌在1 h样品中的比例超过一半,说明变形斑沙雷氏菌在生物膜形成初期发挥着重要作用.随着挂板时间延长,检测到的细菌类群有所增加:附着7 d后检测到拟杆菌门细菌,附着14 d后检测到厚壁菌门细菌.γ-变形菌纲细菌所占比例随挂板时间的延长而逐渐降低,从挂板1 h的81%降至7 d的21%,14 d的18%.另外,在各阶段的附着样品中,都检测到较多的真核克隆子序列,约占16%～64%.本研究为进一步阐明海洋附着细菌的附着动态及其在生物膜形成过程中的作用奠定了基础.Marine adhesive bacteria play an important role in ecology,environment and economy.In order to investigate the community structure and dynamics of marine adhesive bacteria,a sterile strengthened glass sheet was immersed in Xiamen near-shore marine water for 14 days.The attached organisms on the glass surface were sampled after immersed for 1 hour,7 days and 14 days.Three 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed using primers universal for the domain bacteria.40 clones were randomly selected from each clone library for sequencing,and the sequences were submitted for homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis.All cloned sequences fell into six major groups： γ-Proteobacteria（42.0%）,Bacteroidetes（4.5%）,Firmicutes（2.2%）,α-Proteobacteria（2.2%）,Cyanobacteria（1.1%） as well as some other clones originating from chloroplast of eukaryotic Bacillariophyta（45.0%）,dominanted by Serratia proteamaculans of γ-Proteobacteria.These bacteria took up more than half of the clones in the 16S rRNA gene clone library of 1d sample,which indicated S.proteamaculans had important implications for bacteria primary colonization.Bacterial groups increased as time prolonged.Bacteroidetes were detected after immersing for 7 d,and Firmicutes were detected after immersing for 14 d.Proportion of γ-Proteobacteria decreased,from 81% of 1h sample to 21% of 7d sample and 18% of 14d sample.Sequences of chloroplast of eukaryotic were detected frequently in all samples,accounting from 16% to 64%.The results present here will provide foundation for further studies on adhesive bacteria dynamics and their functions in biofilm formation.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 海洋附着细菌 群落结构 动态变化 16SRRNA基因 生物膜 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]