由秦简《日书》看牛女传说在先秦时代的面貌  

Research on the Oxherd and Weaver Legends in the Pre-qin Era Through Ri Shu Written on Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：赵逵夫[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学文史学院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第4期81-88,159,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：睡虎地秦简《日书》中两简直接提到牵牛织女的文字,学者的看法有分歧,但都有偏差或欠确切。《日书》中时日吉凶的确定,是日者在总结以前同时日有关的历史传说和偶然事件的基础上,根据建除、干支、五行理论推导和系统化而成,所以由其中关于牵牛织女的文字可以看出,"牛郎织女"传说中一些情节要素在先秦时期已经形成,制约和引导其情节发展的某些社会意识也已形成。新编《辞源》"织女"条采用范宁先生之说以为自曹植《九咏注》始明言牵牛织女为夫妇,至今仍有人对范宁先生有关论文大加推崇,是对"牛郎织女"传说缺乏了解的表现。Scholars differ with each other on words about Qianniu and Zhinv which appeared twice in Ri Shu(Qin bamboo slips found in Shuihudi).But their ideas are not very accurate.Combined with legends about the sun and some occasional events,the foretelling of the good or bad luck in Rishu were predicted by prognosticators based on deriving and systematizing according to the theories of Jianchu(a method to prognosticate the good or ill fortune according to the planetarium),the Chinese Ganzhi(a kind of ancient Chinese Calendar) and Five elements(an ancient Chinese concept of substance used for philosophy,Chinese medicine,and divination),basing on summarizing some legends and occasional events related with prediction.So we could find that some plot elements of the the Oxherd and Weaver Legends had been formed in the pre-Qin era.Besides,some social consciousness that constrained and guided the development of the plot had also been formed during that period.Fan Ning advocated that it was in Jiuyong Zhu,written by Cao Zhi that clearly showed that Zhi Qianniu and Zhinv were couple for the first time.The newly edited Ciyuan adopted Mr.Fan's view.Fan Ning papers which are related to this have still been praised highly by some scholars,which shows the insufficient understanding of the the Oxherd and Weaver Legends.

关 键 词：睡虎地秦简 《日书》(甲种) 牛郎织女 牵牛 织女 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]