假臭草和九里香甲醇提取液对橡胶树白粉病菌抑菌活性的测定  

The Bioassay of Methanol Extracts from Eupatorium catarium and Murraya paniculata on Inhibition of Oidium heveae

作　　者：古鑫[1,2] 范志伟[2] 沈奕德[2] 李晓霞[2] 黄乔乔[2] 程汉亭[2] 刘丽珍[2] 韩佳宇[3] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室海南省热带作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,海南儋州571737 [3]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2012年第6期1089-1095,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAD48B04-001);教育部留学回国人员科研启动费项目;海南大学"211工程"建设项目

摘　　要：为筛选防治橡胶树白粉病安全有效的植物源杀菌剂,采用孢子萌发抑制法测定22种植物甲醇提取液对橡胶树白粉病菌孢子的抑菌活性。结果表明,假臭草和九里香提取液浓度在0.1 g/mL时,对橡胶树白粉病菌孢子的萌发抑制率分别为43.98%和47.62%,极显著优于其它植物和对照。进一步测定假臭草和九里香提取液的EC50和EC75值,以及其盆栽试验的防治效果与橡胶树叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性。结果表明,假臭草和九里香对病原菌孢子的EC50值分别为0.26 g/mL和0.20 g/mL,EC75值分别为1.12 g/mL和0.99 g/mL。假臭草和九里香提取液浓度在EC75值时,防病效果分别为20.00%和18.67%,显著高于对照。假臭草和九里香提取液处理后,橡胶树叶片的MDA含量极显著低于对照,CAT、SOD和PAL活性则显著或极显著高于对照。由此可见,假臭草和九里香提取液不仅能抑制病原菌的萌发和生长,而且能提高橡胶树的抗病性。Rubber tree powdery mildew disease, caused by Oidium heveae, is one of the significant leaf diseases in rubber trees. To find the botanical fungicide that could effectively control the disease, the spore germinating inhibition method was used to determine the effect of methanol extracts from 22 plant species on antifungal activity in this test. The results showed that extracts from Eupatorium catarium and Murraya paniculata in a concentration of 0.1 g/mL inhibited the germination of the spore by 43.98% and 47.62%, respectively, which were significantly more effective than those from other plants and the control. The ECso and EC75 of methanol extracts from E. catarium and M. paniculata had control effect on potted plant materials and the activities of MDA, CAT, SOD, and PAL in rubber leaves after controlling the disease were further measured. The results showed that the ECso of extracts from E. catarium and M. paniculata was 0.26 g/mL and 0.20 g/mL, respectively, and the EC75 1.12 g/mL and 0.99 g/mL, respectively. The control effects in pot experiment of the extracts from E. catarium and M. paniculata in the concentration of EC75 was 20.00% and 18.67%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the control. After treatment with the extracts from E. catarium and M. paniculata, the MAD content in leaves was significantly lower, while the CAT, SOD, PAL contents were higher than the control. These results suggested that the methanol extracts from E. catarium and Mo paniculata could not only inhibit the germination and growth of the pathogen, but also elevate the host disease resistance.

关 键 词：植物源杀菌剂 橡胶树白粉病 抑菌活性 防病机理 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]