正常成人坐-站转移时髋关节及足底压力运动学参数分析  

Hip and plantar pressure kinematic parameters in the sit-to-stand transfer process

作　　者：张勤良 周旭 倪朝民 孙怡宁 金艳 王杰 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学附属省立医院康复医学科,合肥230036 [2]中科院合肥研究院智能所

出　　处：《中华物理医学与康复杂志》2012年第8期583-587,共5页Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿重点项目（0923A11291）

摘　　要：目的观察年龄、性别因素对正常人坐一站转移时髋关节及足底压力运动学参数的影响。方法观察正常成人从坐位到站位过程中不同时期髋关节运动学参数（包括髋关节角度变化、运动速度、时间）及足底压力（如压力、压强、接触面积等）变化情况，分别探讨性别及年龄作为变量时各个参数间的差异。结果①髋关节运动学参数分析：在坐一站转移过程中I期角度男性大于女性（P〈0．05），躯干I期移动速度及Ⅲ期移动速度男性大于女性（P〈0．05）。青年组及中年组I期角度变化及所用时间均明显不及老年组（P〈0．05），青年组坐一站转移速度较中年组及老年组快（P〈0．05），老年组坐一站转移总时间明显长于青年组及中年组（P〈0．05）。②足底压力参数分析：在坐一站转移整个过程中，男性单位面积足底压力均显著高于女性（P〈0．05）；在转移末期女性足一地间接触面积明显大于男性（P〈0．05）。青年组及中年组I期初始压强和结束压强、Ⅲ期结束压强均明显高于老年组（P〈0．05），青年组Ⅲ期面积变化比明显小于中年组及老年组（P〈0．05），中年组亦显著小于老年组（P〈0．05）。结论在无辅助坐一站转移时男性主要靠增加转移速度、女性主要依靠增加足一地间接触面积来完成转移动作；同样青年人及中年人主要靠增加转移速度、老年人则主要靠增加足一地间接触面积来保证动作实施，可见年龄、性别等因素均对坐一站转移动作具有影响作用。Objective To explore the influence of gender and age on hip and plantar pressure changes in the sit-to-stand transition. Methods Kinematic parameters such as changes in hip joint angle, motor velocity and speed, and also plantar pressure changes such as stress, pressure and contact area were observed as subjects of differ- ent ages and genders performed sit-to-stand transitions. Results （~）Hip kinematics： The speeds of trunk movement and hip joint angle change in men and women were significantly different. Their average speed in rising was also sig- nificantly different. The young and middle-aged people rose faster with faster hip joint angle changes than the elderly. Their total rising time was therefore significantly shorter as well. （~）Plantar pressure kinematics： The men＇s plantar pressures were significantly higher than those of the women throughout the rising process. The plantar pressure of the young and middle-aged subjects was also significantly higher than that of the elderly. At the last stage of sit-to-stand transfer process the ground contact area of the women＇s was significantly larger, on average, than that of the men, and the elderly had significantly larger contact areas than young or middle-aged people. Conclusion During sit-to- stand transfers, men and yomlg people move faster than women or the elderly. Women and older people tend to have larger foot-ground contact areas than men and younger persons. Different rehabilitation measures are required for dif- ferent ages, genders and diseases.

关 键 词：坐-站转移 康复 足底压力 关节角度 正常成人 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]