试论艾耶尔和普兰丁格的上帝概念——兼论宗教语言中的经验指称与情感赋义  

On Ayer's and Plantinga's Concepts of “God”:A Tentative Study on Empirical Reference and Affection-endowed Meaning in Religious Language

作　　者：孙清海[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院外国语学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2012年第4期61-75,197-198,共15页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：宗教语言问题的实质是"上帝"概念如何被"人"所赋义的问题。以艾耶尔为代表的逻辑实证主义者坚持"经验指称"的赋义方式,认为"上帝"概念不符合基于经验事实的"可证实性原则",故必须被拒斥;而普兰丁格则认为,"上帝"概念的赋义应当始于人的"信任"情感,只要相信者拥有这份信任情感,则"上帝"概念对他来说就是实在的、有意义的,这是一种"情感赋义"的谈论方式。二者的区别在于谈论宗教语言的出发点不同:"经验指称"的起点是人的经验,而"情感赋义"则始于人的情感。不同的出发点引导了人对"上帝"的不同理解过程。The main issue of religious language is how we human beings give the term 'God' a meaning.The logical positivists such as Alfred Jules Ayer argue that the meaning of words depends on empirical evidence.This can be considered as 'empirical reference',according to which 'God' should be eliminated since it is not empirically verifiable.Plantinga,however,argues that the meaning that we human beings give 'God' comes from faith.Provided that a believer has faith,the concept of 'God' will be real and meaningful for him.This is called 'affection-endowed meaning'.It is different from 'empirical reference' at their starting points.'Empirical reference' starts from human experience;while 'affection-endowed meaning' begins with human affection.The difference leads to different cognitiveprocesses of 'God'.

关 键 词：宗教语言 上帝概念 经验指称 情感赋义 

分 类 号：B977[哲学宗教—宗教学]