冰川加剧消融对我国西北干旱区的影响及其适应对策  

Impact of Intensive Glacier Ablation on Arid Regions of Northwest China and Its Countermeasure

作　　者：张九天[1] 何霄嘉[1] 上官冬辉[2] 钟方雷[2] 刘时银[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100038 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2012年第4期848-854,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国-联合国气候变化伙伴计划"中国喜马拉雅和东南沿海地区适应气候变化能力建设项目";中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目"天山冰冻圈与环境"(KZCX2-YW-GJ04)资助

摘　　要：西北干旱区是我国生态最脆弱的地区之一,也是国家安全和生态安全的核心区.冰川是西北干旱区的"固体水库",高山冰雪融水一直是当地赖以生存和发展的重要水源,是该地区独特的绿洲经济的命脉.在气候变暖的大背景下,西北干旱区冰川加剧消融退缩,冰川数量和规模均呈减少趋势.未来冰川将进一步萎缩,冰川融水对河流补给将有显著变化.冰川加剧消融已严重影响到该地区水资源变化格局、农业可持续发展和生态系统稳定,对现有水资源管理与灾害防治等对策与措施提出巨大挑战.应采取从转变经济发展用水和管理理念,到提高适应冰川消融的水利建设、加强防灾与预测技术研究等方面的积极探索适应对策,以应对气候变暖背景下冰川加剧消融给西北地区带来的挑战.Arid Regions of Northwest China are most ecologically vulnerable regions and the core regions of national security and ecological security.The glaciers in the arid regions of Northwest China are called solid reservoirs.Melting water from glaciers is not only important water sources for the local development,but also the lifeblood of the local unique oasis economy.In the context of climate warming,the glaciers in arid regions of Northwest China ablate extremely and their number and size are decreasing.Intensive glacier ablation has seriously affected the pattern of regional water resources,the sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem stability,which challenge the existing water resources management system and disaster prevention measures.The development and management ideas should be changed,the capacity building of adaptation to the glacier retreat should be improved,and the technological research should be strengthened,in order to actively explore the adaptive countermeasures against the challenges of glacier retreat in Northwest China under global warming.

关 键 词：冰川加剧消融 气候变暖影响 适应对策 西北干旱区 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]