灾害风险科学视角的救灾保险制度探讨  

ON DISASTER INSURANCE SYSTEM FROM A DISASTER RISK SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

作　　者：解伟[1,2] 李宁[1,3,2] 杨娟[4] 吉中会 吴吉东[1,2] 刘雪琴[1,2] 张鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875 [2]民政部/教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [4]暨南大学经济学院统计系,广州510632

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第4期406-410,共5页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划资助项目(2012CB955402);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41171401);PICC灾害研究校园基金资助项目

摘　　要：介绍了我国救灾保险的供给情况和灾害损失的市场补偿情况,对比了国际灾害保险典型模式.在此基础上,从灾害风险科学的视角,就我国灾害保险制度的建设进行探讨.主要内容有:1)目前,我国保险机构将地震包括在企财险的附加险等少数产品中,将台风、洪水等主要自然灾害包括在大多数财产险、人身险中,但是专门的救灾保险还没有开展,且在2008年南方雪灾、汶川地震中,保险赔偿远低于世界平均水平.2)通过对国际自然灾害保险典型模式的对比研究并针对我国的实际情况,从灾害风险科学视角提出4点建议:遵从自然灾害系统理论,设计专门的灾害保险产品;依据灾害等级划分标准,研究有效的损失分担机制;关注多灾种灾害链特征,规定明确的灾害保险责任;使用概率风险评估方法,厘定科学的灾害保险费率.The present paper investigated disaster insurance supply and market compensation for disaster loss. This was compared with international insurance programs. The construction of disaster insurance system was discussed in regards to disaster risk science. It has been found that. 1） In China, earthquake risk is included in only a few insurance products such as additional insurance Of company property insurance, while typhoon and flood risks were included in most property and life insurance policies. Special disaster insurance has not been established. Insurance compensation rate is much lower than the international average. 2） After comparison with similar international insurance programs, the following suggestions are made. Special disaster insurance products based on the theory of disaster system should he designed~ Effective system to compensate disaster loss based on different disaster grade should be designed~ Precise disaster insurance liability including disaster chain and multi-disaster events can be established~ Objective insurance rate using comprehensive approach for probabilistic risk assessment may be designed.

关 键 词：地震保险 洪水保险 农业保险 巨灾 灾害保险 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]