自尊对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响  

Effects of Self-esteem on Attentional Bias for Emotional Faces

作　　者：杨娟[1] 李海江[1] 张庆林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第4期793-798,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900397);重庆市科委自然科学基金项目(CQ CSTC 2010BB5001);西南大学博士基金项目(SWU109032)的资助

摘　　要：研究表明低自尊个体对负性信息表现出高度的警觉和关注,而高自尊个体相对来说注意积极地方面,但并未表现明显偏向。为了精确记录注意选择神经加工时间进程,进一步从电生理学角度对低自尊个体的负性注意偏向进行探讨,本研究运用事件相关电位(ERP)技术对不同自尊个体在点-探测任务过程中的注意偏向进行研究。实验一以129名在校大学生作为被试,以大学生面孔情绪图片(高兴、悲伤和中性)作为实验材料,结果发现,高低自尊个体之间没有出现注意偏向的差异。实验二以实验一筛选出的30名高低自尊个体作为被试,选择了更具负性情绪唤醒的愤怒图片作为实验材料(高兴、愤怒和中性),行为数据结果发现,两组被试都没有出现注意偏向,相反,无论是在高兴面孔条件下还是在愤怒面孔条件下,低自尊个体的反应时都快于高自尊个体;电生理学数据结果发现,在低自尊个体中,在两种情绪面孔条件下,有效线索的P1峰值显著高于无效线索,而无效线索的N2pc峰值显著高于有效线索。电生理学数据表明,无论是负性的还是正性的情绪性的信息都能引起低自尊个体的更多注意,表明低自尊个体更容易受到情绪性信息的影响。Previous findings have generally been consistent with the notion that low self-esteem participants tend to show difficulty in disengaging their attention from negative stimuli.However,the extant data regarding the disengage component of attention in relation to low self-esteem has been scarce and does not yield a clear-cut picture.The main object of the present study was to further investigate the time course of attention deployment to emotional stimuli in low self-esteem using event-related potentials technology.In Experiment 1,129 undergraduates participated in a visual probe task,in which they viewed pairs of faces（e.g.,a happy face paired with a neutral face or a sad face paired with a neutral face） shown 500 ms and followed by a target.The participants were instructed to indicate the type of target （i.e.horizontal or vertical）.The behavioral results showed that there was no attentional bias between high self-esteem and low self-esteem participants.15 high self-esteem and 15 low self-esteem participants selected from Experiments 1 participated in Experiment 2 while they viewed pairs of faces（e.g.,a happy face paired with a neutral face or an angry face paired with a neutral face） shown for 500 ms and followed by a target.The participants were instructed to indicate the type of target（i.e.horizontal or vertical）.Behavioral results revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving the self-esteem or target.Instead,low self-esteem responded faster than high self-esteem not only in the happy-neutral condition but also in the angry-neutral condition.For the electrophysiological data,we observed that low selfesteem, rather than high self-esteem showed increased P1 amplitudes to the congruent trials（the probe was just on the same side of the emotional face） versus incongruent trials（the probe was on the opposite side of the emotional face） both in the happy-neutral condition and in the angry-neutral condition.Secondly,low self-esteem had larger N2pc amplitudes in the incongruent t

关 键 词：低自尊 注意偏向 注意缺陷 事件相关电位技术 P1 N2pc 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]